Chapter 1: Nomenclature Flashcards
What are alkanes?
the simplest organic molecules
a chain of carbons connected by single bonds with hydrogen atoms attached
commonly used as fuels
What are the four simplest alkanes?
Metane: CH4
Ethane: CH3CH3
Propane: CH3CH2CH3
Butane: CH3CH2CH2CH3
What are the steps for naming branched-chain alkanes?
1) Find the longest chain
2) Number the chain so that the most substituents get the lowest possible numbers
3) Name the substituents
4) Assign a number to each substituent
5) Complete the name
Are numberical prefixes (di, tri …) included for alphabatizing the substituents in IUPAC naming?
No, numerical prefixes are ignored.
Nonhyphenated roots are part of the name (iso, neo, cyclo …)
How are cycloalkanes numbered?
The rings are numbered starting at the point of greates substitution
What is an alkene?
A compound that contains a carbon-carbon double bond
What is a degree of unsaturation?
Each double bond (as well as each ring) leads to two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding alkane
What is a Vinyl?
The common name for a monosubstituted ethylene
What is an allyl derivative?
Propylenes attached to a backbone at the C-3 position
What is an alkyne?
A compound with a carbon-carbon triple bond
What is acetylene?
Two triple-bonded carbons (ethyne)
What is a haloalkane?
A compound containing a halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I)
Can also be called an alkyl halide
What is an alcohol?
A compound containing a hydroxy (OH) group
OH has priority over double and triple bonds for numbering the chain
What is the difference between a vicinal diol and a geminal diol?
Vicinal diols have 2 hydroxyl groups on adjaccent carbons
Geminal diols have 2 hydroxy groups on the same carbon
What is an ether?
A compound with two chains connected by an oxygen
Example: methoxyethane (aka ethyl methyl ether)
