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Organic Chemistry MCAT > Chapter 1 - Nomenclature > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Nomenclature Flashcards

1
Q

What is the longest carbon chain containing the highest order functional group called?

A

The parent chain

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2
Q

When numbering carbons, carbon number 1 will be the one closest to what?

A

The highest priority functional group

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3
Q

Higher priority is correlated with what?

A

The more oxidized it is

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4
Q

Oxidation state increases with more what to heteroatoms? And decrease with more bonds to what?

A

Bonds,

Decrease with more bonds to hydrogen

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5
Q

If there is a tie between assigning priority in a molecule with double or triple bonds what takes precedence?

A

The double bond

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6
Q

What are functional groups that are not part of the parent chain called

A

Substituents

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7
Q

The prefix n- ; means what?

A

It is normal, in other words a straight chain alkane

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8
Q

Names of substituents always begin in what order?

A

Alphabetical order

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9
Q

Alcohols are groups that contain atleast one what?

A

-OH

(Which lends them more reactivity)

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10
Q

What are alkanes?

A

Simple hydrocarbon molecule with the formula CnH(2n+2)

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11
Q

What group are common substituents in alkanes?

A

Halogens; alkyl halides are indicated by a prefix: fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, or iodo-

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12
Q

What does an alkene and an alkyne indicate?

A

Signify a double and triple bond respectively to these hydrocarbons

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13
Q

Alkane name with 1 carbon

A

Methane

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14
Q

Name of Alkane with 2 carbons

A

Ethane

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15
Q

Name of alkane with 3 carbons

A

Propane

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16
Q

Name of alkane with 4 carbons

A

Butane

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17
Q

Name of alkane with 5 carbons

A

Pentane

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18
Q

Name of Alkane with 6 carbons

A

Hexane

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19
Q

Name of alkane with 7 carbons

A

Heptane

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20
Q

Name of alkane with 8 carbons

A

Octane

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21
Q

Name of alkane with 9 carbons

A

Nonane

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22
Q

Name of alkane with 10 carbons

A

Decane

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23
Q

Alcohols are named by replacing the r at the end of the corresponding alkane with what suffix? What is it called if the alcohol is not the highest priority functional group?

A

-ol

If not highest functional group, then it is named as a hydroxyl substituent (hydroxy-)

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24
Q

Ethanol common name

A

Ethyl alcohol

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25
Alcohols with 2 hydroxyl groups are called what? What is their suffix?
Called diols or glycols, suffix is -diol
26
Diols with hydroxyl groups on the same carbon are called what? What if they are on adjacent carbons?
If on same carbon they are called Geminal diols If in adjacent they are called vicinal diols
27
Why are geminal diols, or hydrates not commonly seen?
Because they spontaneously dehydrate
28
Aldehydes and ketones are two classes of molecules that contain what group?
Carbonyl group (a carbon double bonded to an oxygen)
29
How do aldehydes and ketones differ?
In the placement of carbonyl groups Aldehydes are chain terminating, meaning that they appear on one end of the parent chain Ketones are found in the middle of carbon chain
30
What is the smallest possible ketone molecule?
Acetone
31
Sugars are classified as what 2 classes?
Aldoses (aldehyde sugars) Or Ketoses (ketone sugars)
32
How does the naming of carbons relative to the carbonyl group work? Start by closest and then moving outward
Adjacent carbon is indicated as alpha, then moving away it is beta, gamma, and delta in successive order (applies to both sides of the carbonyl group)
33
What do carboxylic acids contain? What is important about these molecules?
They contain both a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) on a terminal carbon Important is that they are HIGHLY oxidized, only CO2 contains a more oxidized carbon
34
What are esters?
Common carboxylic acid derivatives, in these compounds the hydroxyl group is replaced with an alkoxy group (-OR, where R is a hydrocarbon chain)
35
What are amides?
A carboxylic acid derivative where the hydroxyl group is replaced with an amino group (nitrogen-containing group)
36
Substituents attached to the nitrogen atom of an amide is labeled with what?
N- Indicating that this group is bonded to the parent molecule via a nitrogen atom
37
What are anhydrides? How are they formed?
A carboxylic acid derivative, form from 2 carboxylic acid molecules, one water molecule is removed. Many anhydrides are cyclic.
38
Carboxylic acid prefix and suffix
Prefix: carboxy- Suffix: -oic acid
39
Anhydride prefix and suffix
Prefix: alkanoyloxycarbonyl- Suffix: anyhydride
40
Ester prefix and suffix
Prefix: alkoxycarbonyl- Suffix: -oate
41
Amide prefix and suffix
Prefix: carbamoyl- and amido- Suffix: -amide
42
Aldehyde prefix and suffix
Prefix: oxo- Suffix: -al
43
Ketone prefix and suffix
Prefix: oxo- or keto- Suffix: -one
44
Alcohol prefix and suffix
Prefix: hydroxy- Suffix: -ol
45
Alkene prefix and suffix
Prefix: alkenyl- Suffix: -ene
46
Alkyne prefix and suffix
Prefix: alkynyl- Suffix: -yne
47
Alkane prefix and suffix
Prefix: alkyl- Suffix: -ane
48
What are the steps for naming organic compounds?
1- identify the longest carbon chain containing the highest order functional group 2- number the chain 3- name the substituents 4- assign a number to each substituent 5- complete the name
49
For substituents that are hydrocarbons but are not modifiers we replace the ending with a -yl So what would methane and pentane be named if it was actually a substituent?
Methyl and pentyl
50
Name of alkane with 11 carbons
Undecane
51
Name of alkane with 12 carbons
Dodecane
52
Name of alkane with 13 carbons
Tridecane
53
Name of alkane with 14 carbons
Tetradecane
54
Name of alkane with 15 carbons
Pentadecane
55
What would be the name of an organic molecule with a 5 carbon chain, and double bonds on carbon 2, and 4?
2, 4-Pentadiene
56
What is the common name for methanal?
Formaldehyde
57
What is the common name for ethanal?
Acetaldehyde
58
What is the common name for propanal?
Propionaldehyde
59
What is the name of an organic molecule that is 6 carbons long and has a Carbonyl group on the 3rd carbon?
3-Hexanone
60
What is the name of carboxylic acid with 1 carbon? Common name and IUPAC name
Methanoic acid Common name - Formic acid
61
What is the name of carboxylic acid with 2 carbon? Common name and IUPAC name
Ethanoic acid Common name - acetic acid
62
What is the name of carboxylic acid with 3 carbon? Common name and IUPAC name
Propanoic acid Common name - propionic acid
63
What is the name of a 3 carbon parent chain ester with the R group having 2 carbons?
Ethyl propanoate
64
What is the name of a 2 carbon parent chain ester with the R group having 3 carbons?
Propyl ethanoate
65
What is the name of a 4 carbon parent chain ester with the R group having 1 carbon?
Methyl butanoate
66
What is the name of a molecule with 3 carbons and an amide group?
Propanamide
67
What is the name of a 4 carbon parent chain before an amide group which has a 1 carbon and a 2 carbon branched off of the nitrogen?
N-ethyl-N-methylbutanamide
68
What is the IUPAC name of an anhydride where 2 ethanoic acids come together
Ethanoic anhydride
69
What is the IUPAC name for an anhydride where Ethanoic acid and propanoic acid combine?
Ethanoic propanoic anhydride
70
List these functional groups in order of priority from highest to lowest: Anhydride Carboxylic acid Amide Ester Aldehyde Alcohol Ketone Alkane Alkyne Alkene
Carboxylic acid Anhydride Ester Amide Aldehyde Ketone Alcohol Alkene Alkyne Alkane
71
What are the common names for butanal, ethanal, and propanal?
Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde respectively
72
Common names for methanoic acid, Ethanoic acid, and propanoic acid ?
Formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid respectively

Organic Chemistry MCAT (2 decks)

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