Chapter 1 - Neuroscience's past, present and future Flashcards
Where are the cerebrum and the cerebellum?
The cerebrum is in the front, and the cerebellum in the back of the brain.
What are major functions of the CEREBRUM?
Sensation and perception. It is also a repository of memory.
What are major functions of the CEREBELLUM?
It is primarily a movement control cente
What is the function of white matter relative to the gray matter?
It contains the fibers that bring information to and from gray matter.
What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe.
What is the role of the CENTRAL SULCUS?
It divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.
What is the role of the SYLVIAN FISSURE?
It divides the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe.
What are the elements of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?
The cerebrum, the cerebellum, the brain stem, and the spinal cord.
What are the elements of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?
The nervous system that extends throughout the body.
Where do the DORSAL and VENTRAL roots of the nerve enter the spinal cord?
The DORSAL root enters towards the BACK of the spinal cord, and the VENTRAL root enters towards the FRONT. D-B, V-F
What is the area of MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE?
The study of the most elementary level of brain, the function of the molecules that allow neurons to communicate, among others.
What is the area of CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE?
The study focusing on how all the molecules work together to give neurons their special properties. How many different types of neurons are there, how do they differ in function? How do they perform computations?
What is the area of SYSTEMS NEUROSCIENCE?
The study focusing on constellations of neurons that form complex circuits, that perform a common function. E.g., the visual system and the motor system.
What is the area of BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE?
The study focusing on how neural systems work together to produce integrated behaviors. Are different forms of memory accounted for by different systems? How do different parts of the brain affect mood and behavior? Etc.
What is the area of COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE?
Understanding how neural mechanisms are responsible for higher levels of human mental activity, such as self-awareness, imagination, and language. How the activity of the brain creates the mind.