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Network + N10-009 > Chapter 1: Networking Models, Ports, Protocols, and Services > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Networking Models, Ports, Protocols, and Services Flashcards

1
Q

OSI reference model

A

Network architecture that enables data to be passed between computer systems

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2
Q

Two common networking models ?

A

TCP/IP and OSI

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3
Q

Mnemonic for OSI layers ?

A

All people seem to need data processing

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4
Q

Physical layer

A

Defines the physical structure of the network and the topology

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5
Q

What makes up the layer 1 hardware ?

A

Media used on the network, such as type of cable, type of connector, and pinout format for cables

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6
Q

Common topolgies today ?

A

Mesh, star/hub and spoke, spine and leaf, point-to-point, and hybrid

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7
Q

Which protocols and technologies operate at layer 1 ?

A

Ethernet, Bluetooth, ISDN, GSM, DSL, T-carrier links, and USB

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8
Q

What other characteristics can the physical layer define ?

A

The voltage used on a given medium
The frequency at which the signals carrying the data operate

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9
Q

What do these additional characteristics dictate ?

A

Speed and bandwidth of a given medium
Maximum distance over which a certain media type can be used

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10
Q

Data Link Layer

A

Node-to-node delivery of data

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11
Q

Frame

A

Logical grouping of data at layer 2

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12
Q

What else does the MAC sublayer control ?

A

How devices access a shared transmission medium, such as an Ethernet or fiber optic cable

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13
Q

What is the LLC sublayer responsible for ?

A

Error and flow-control mechanisms

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14
Q

What protocols and technologies operate at layer 2 ?

A

High-level data Link control (HDLC)
Layer 2 tunneling protocol (L2TP)
Point-to-point protocol (PPP)
Point-to-point tunneling protocol (PPTP)
Spanning tree protocol (STP)
Virtual LANs (VLANs)

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15
Q

Network Layer

A

Responsible for routing, providing mechanisms by which data can be passed from one network to another.

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16
Q

How is functionality provided at the Network Layer?

A

Routing protocols, which are software components

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17
Q

What are protocols responsible for ?

A

Route selection

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18
Q

Packet

A

Logical grouping of data at the Network Layer

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19
Q

Two ways for routes to be configured ?

A

Static or dynamic

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20
Q

Static routes

A

Manually added to the routing table

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21
Q

Dynamic routes

A

Use routing protocols such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

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22
Q

Other important protocols at layer 3 ?

A

IP, ARP Reverse ARP (RARP), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), IS-IS, IPSec, ICMP, Multiprotocl label switching (MPLS)

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23
Q

Transport layer

A

Provide mechanisms to transport data between network devices

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24
Q

What are three provided mechanisms from layer 4 ?

A

Error checking, segmentation, and service addressing

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25
Q

Error checking

A

Ensure data is correctly sent or received

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26
Q

Service addressing

A

Ensure data is passed to the right service

27
Q

Segmentation

A

Break packets into a manageable size

28
Q

What is the transport layer also responsible for ?

A

Data flow control

29
Q

Data flow control

A

How the receiving system can receive transmissions

30
Q

Two common methods of flow control ?

A

Buffering and winnowing

31
Q

Buffering

A

Data is temporarily stored and waits for the destination device to become available

32
Q

Windowing

A

Data is sent in a group of segments that require only one acknowledgement

33
Q

Session layer

A

Responsible for managing and controlling the synchronization of data between applications on two devices

34
Q

How does the session layer handle conversations between applications ?

A

Establishing, coordinates, or terminates them

35
Q

What are protocols that operate at the session layer ?

A

NetBIOS, Network file system (NFS), Server message block (SMB)

36
Q

Presentation layer

A

Convert data intended for or received from the application layer into another usable format

37
Q

Common data formats

A

Graphic files, text and data, sound/video

38
Q

Graphic files

A

JPEG, TIFF, GIF

39
Q

Text and data

A

Data can be translated into different formats such as the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) and Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC)

40
Q

Sound/video

A

MPEG, MP3, MIDI

41
Q

Another important function of layer 6 ?

A

Encryption and decryption

42
Q

What cryptographic protocol operates at layer 6 ?

A

Transport layer security (TLS)

43
Q

Application layer

A

Provides access to the network for applications

44
Q

Protocols at layer 7 ?

A

SSH, BGP, DHCP, DNS, NTP, SMTP, SMB, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, POP3, Real-time transport protocol (RTP), Session initiation protocol (SIP)

45
Q

Connection oriented

A

Data delivery is guaranteed, with higher overhead and greater bandwidth demand

46
Q

Connectionless

A

Information is just sent with no mechanism to resend data

47
Q

Internet protocol

A

Transport data from one node on a network to another

48
Q

What else does IP perform for network transmissions ?

A

Fragmentation and reassembly tasks

49
Q

What other features does TCP add to IP communications?

A

Flow control, sequencing, error detection and correction

50
Q

TCP three way handshake

A

SYN, SYN ACK, ACK

51
Q

Time-outs

A

Sending host auto retransmit data if receipt is not acknowledged at a given time period

52
Q

UDP header fields?

A

4

53
Q

Does UDP need to establish a session ?

A

No

54
Q

Internet control message protocol (ICMP)

A

Provide error checking and reporting functionality

55
Q

ICMP’s most common function ?

A

Ping utility

56
Q

Ping

A

Stream of ICMP each requests to a remote host

57
Q

Destination unreachable

A

Destination can’t be contacted

58
Q

Time exceeded

A

TTL has exceeded

59
Q

Traceroute

A

Uses IP packets TTL time-outs to discover the path a packet takes

60
Q

ICMP source quench

A

Tells the sender to slow down. Happens during data influx

61
Q

Internet protocol security (IPSec)

A

Designed to provide secure communications between systems

62
Q

What two protocols make up IPSec ?

A

Authentication header (AH)
Encapsulating security payload (ESP)

63
Q

Authentication header (AH)

A

Provided authentication and integrity checking data packets

64
Q

Encapsulating security payload (ESP)

A

Provides encryption services

Network + N10-009 (10 decks)

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