Chapter 1 Nervous System Organization (Lecture + Textbook) Flashcards
What is Charles Darwin’s Core Idea
- Traits are adaptive for survival and reproduction or detrimental to the survival
- Natural selection is a process that leads to adaptive traits being carried through generations
- Design Principles - Biological structures such as how eyes have similar structure versus function
What is the CNS (Central Nervous System)
Brain and Spinal cord (including eyes and optic nerves)
What is the idea of Centralization, what part of the NS is this prevalent
Its prevalent in the CNS. Its the idea that with Neurons being clustered in one location aids Neural connections to be faster and more efficient + Metabolically effective
What is the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)
Any neural tissue outside of the brain and spinal cord.
- Sense organs and muscles besides eyes and optic nerves
- It includes neurons that form clusters and ganglia through various parts of the body
What is the Autonomic nervous system?
regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal. Functions independently of CNS
What is the Enteric NS and what Branch of NS does it belong to
Autonomic -
- Lies within the lining of the gut
- aids in digestion
- Has more neurons than the spinal cord
What is Gray matter + what does it contain
Has most parts of the Neuron such as:
- Cell body + dendrites + Synapses (which vary in size and shape and properties)
- Neuronal cell bodies with similar features cluster together to create brain nuclei
What is white matter and what does it contain
Axons - Most long axons are segregates into distinction bundles (fiber tracts)
- Most Axons have myelin - the fatty covering on axons which speeds up neural info transfer
What are fiber tracts
When most long axons are segregated into distinct bundles
What are contralateral neuronal connections
Connections are on the opposite sides of the brain
What are ipsilateral neuronal connections
Connections on the same side of the brain
What is meant by the idea that the brain began as single homogeneous entity
It begins as one single entity when its first made in the embryo, through development it subdivided. The nuclei is divided based on developmental origin
What are the three early development brain sections
- Hindbrain
- Midbrain
- Forebrain - Thalamic, hypothalamic, other regions
What subdivisions does the Hindbrain contain and what is the general structure of the Hindbrain
It is shaped like a rhomboid.
- It contains the Medulla
- Cerebellum
- Pons
What is the relative size of the midbrain, and what subdivisions does it contain
Its relatively small in humans compared to other animals.
Contains:
- Colliculus (Superior and Inferior)
- Tegmentum
