Chapter 1: Molecules and Fundamentals of Biology

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

A pure substance that has specific
physical/chemical properties and can’t be broken
down into a simpler substance.

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

The smallest unit of matter that still retains
the chemical properties of the element.

Question 4

Molecule

Answer 4

Two or more atoms joined together.

Question 5

Intramolecular Forces

Answer 5

Attractive forces that act
on atoms within a molecule.

Question 6

Intermolecular Forces

Answer 6

Forces that exist between
molecules and affect physical properties of the
substance.

Question 7

Monomers

Answer 7

Single molecules that can
polymerize, or bond with one another.

Question 8

Polymers

Answer 8

Substances made up of many
monomers joined together in chains.

Question 9

Dehydration (condensation) reaction

Answer 9

When
monomers bond with each other to form
polymers, releasing water.

Question 10

Hydrolysis

Answer 10

When polymer bonds are broken
using water.

Question 11

Glucose and fructose are

Answer 11

isomers of each other (same
chemical formula, different arrangement of atoms).

Question 12

Disaccharides contain two monosaccharides joined
together by

Answer 12

a glycosidic bond.

Question 13

dehydration (condensation) reaction,

Answer 13

where a
water molecule leaves and a covalent bond forms

Question 14

A hydrolysis reaction is

Answer 14

a covalent bond is broken by the addition of water.

Question 15

Common examples of disaccharides include

Answer 15

sucrose,
lactose, and maltose.

Question 16

Polysaccharides contain multiple monosaccharides
connected by

Answer 16

glycosidic bonds to form long polymers.

Question 17

Starch:

Answer 17

Form of energy storage for plants.

Question 18

Glycogen:

Answer 18

Form of energy storage in animals.