Chapter 1 - Molecuels Flashcards
What is a monomer?
The smaller units from which larger molecules are made.
What are polymers?
They are molecules made from a large number of monomers.
Give three examples of monomers.
1) Monosaccharides
2) Amino acids
3) Nucleotides
What is the name of the reaction that joins two molecules together?
A condensation reaction.
What molecule is taken away during a condensation reaction?
Water (H2O)
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A reaction that breaks up a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule.
What is the name of the monomers which make up carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides.
What is the name of the bond formed between two monosaccharides during a condensation reaction?
A glycosidic bond.
Give three examples of common monosaccharides.
1) glucose
2) galactose
3) fructose
What is the name of two monosaccharides that are bonded together?
A disaccharide.
Glucose has two isomers (versions/structures). What are they called?
Alpha glucose and beta glucose.
What do long chains of beta glucose make?
Cellulose
What two substances can be made from long chains of alpha glucose?
Starch and glycogen.
What monomers make up proteins?
Amino acids
What bond is formed in a condensation reaction between two amino acids?
A peptide bond.
What is formed by the condensation of two amino acids?
A dipeptide
What is formed by the condensation of many amino acids?
A polypeptide.
How are triglycerides different to polymers?
- polymers are made from lots of monomers bonded together
- triglycerides are made from 4 molecules which are each made of monomers
What makes a triglyceride?
1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules.
What is a phospholipid made from?
1 glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acid molecules and 1 phosphate-containing group.
Where are saturated fatty acids mainly found?
In plant sources.
Where are unsaturated fatty acids mainly found?
In animal fats.
What bond is formed when a fatty acid joins with a glycerol molecuel?
An ester bond
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in term of bonds?
Saturated fatty acids only contain single bonds between their carbon and hydrogen atoms whereas unsaturated contain double bonds.
