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AQA Biology A-Level > Chapter 1 - Molecuels > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Molecuels Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a monomer?

A

The smaller units from which larger molecules are made.

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2
Q

What are polymers?

A

They are molecules made from a large number of monomers.

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3
Q

Give three examples of monomers.

A

1) Monosaccharides
2) Amino acids
3) Nucleotides

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4
Q

What is the name of the reaction that joins two molecules together?

A

A condensation reaction.

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5
Q

What molecule is taken away during a condensation reaction?

A

Water (H2O)

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6
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

A reaction that breaks up a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule.

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7
Q

What is the name of the monomers which make up carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides.

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8
Q

What is the name of the bond formed between two monosaccharides during a condensation reaction?

A

A glycosidic bond.

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9
Q

Give three examples of common monosaccharides.

A

1) glucose
2) galactose
3) fructose

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10
Q

What is the name of two monosaccharides that are bonded together?

A

A disaccharide.

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11
Q

Glucose has two isomers (versions/structures). What are they called?

A

Alpha glucose and beta glucose.

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12
Q

What do long chains of beta glucose make?

A

Cellulose

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13
Q

What two substances can be made from long chains of alpha glucose?

A

Starch and glycogen.

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14
Q

What monomers make up proteins?

A

Amino acids

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15
Q

What bond is formed in a condensation reaction between two amino acids?

A

A peptide bond.

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16
Q

What is formed by the condensation of two amino acids?

A

A dipeptide

17
Q

What is formed by the condensation of many amino acids?

A

A polypeptide.

18
Q

How are triglycerides different to polymers?

A
  • polymers are made from lots of monomers bonded together

- triglycerides are made from 4 molecules which are each made of monomers

19
Q

What makes a triglyceride?

A

1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules.

20
Q

What is a phospholipid made from?

A

1 glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acid molecules and 1 phosphate-containing group.

21
Q

Where are saturated fatty acids mainly found?

A

In plant sources.

22
Q

Where are unsaturated fatty acids mainly found?

A

In animal fats.

23
Q

What bond is formed when a fatty acid joins with a glycerol molecuel?

A

An ester bond

24
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in term of bonds?

A

Saturated fatty acids only contain single bonds between their carbon and hydrogen atoms whereas unsaturated contain double bonds.

AQA Biology A-Level (6 decks)

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