Chapter 1 Misc. Vocab

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

meaning “cutting apart”
the study of the STRUCTURE of an organism and the relationship of its parts

Question 2

dissection

Answer 2

the principal technique used to isolate and study the parts of the human body

Question 3

physiology

Answer 3

the study of the FUNCTION of living organisms and their parts

Question 4

hypothesis

Answer 4

a reasonable guess based on previous informal observations or previously tested explanations

Question 5

experimentation

Answer 5

the testing process of a hypothesis

Question 6

theory or law

Answer 6

a hypothesis that has gained a high level of confidence
theory=consistent results
law= high level of confidence

Question 7

7 Levels of Organization

Answer 7

Chemical level
Organelle level
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
Organ system level
Organism level

Question 8

Cells

Answer 8

the smallest “living” units of structure and function in our body

Question 9

Tissue

Answer 9

an organization of many cells acting together to perform a common function

Question 10

Organs

Answer 10

a group of several different kinds of tissues acting as a unit to perform a function

Question 11

Systems

Answer 11

most complex unit, an organization of organs working together to perform complex functions

Question 12

Organism

Answer 12

body as a whole

Question 13

anatomical position

Answer 13

erect or standing posture with arms at the sides and palms up
*head and feet forward

Question 14

supine

Answer 14

body laying face upwards

Question 15

prone

Answer 15

body laying face downward

Question 16

viscera

Answer 16

internal organs

Question 17

dorsal cavities

Answer 17

house the cranial cavity and spinal cavity

Question 18

ventral cavities

Answer 18

house the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 19

thoracic cavity

Answer 19

the upper ventral cavity, or chest, houses the pleural cavities and the mediastinum
MEDIASTINUM* trachea, heart, vessels
PLEURAL* lungs

Question 20

abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 20

the lower ventral cavity, house the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity, divided in quadrants
ABDOMINAL* liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, some large intestine
PELVIC* lower colon, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs

Question 21

diaphragm

Answer 21

dome shaped muscle that seperates the 2 ventral cavities

Question 22

homeostatis

Answer 22

relative constancy of the internal environment
homeo = same
statis = stopping

Question 23

feedback loop

Answer 23

the body’s general control system; made up of a sensor or receptor, control center and an effector

Question 24

negative feedback loop

Answer 24

they oppose, or negate, a change in a controlled condition
ex: breathing rate in exercise, sweating in extreme heat

Question 25

positive feedback loop

Answer 25

temporarily amplify the change that is occuring
ex: contractions in childbirth, blood clotting when cut