Chapter 1 (Midterm)

Question 1

Define evidence-based practice

Answer 1

The USE of the best evidence in making patient decisions

Question 2

Nursing practice that uses research findings as a

Answer 2

BASIS for nurses’ decisions
ACTIONS and INTERACTIONS with clients

Question 3

What is the purpose of using evidence-based practice?

Answer 3

To find the best possible care to the most people that is most cost-effective

Question 4

Consumers of nursing research

Answer 4

Reads and incorporates research into practice by SEARCHING FOR RESEARCH IN CREDIBLE LITERATURE

Question 5

Producers of nursing research include (2)

Answer 5

Academics
Clinical usage

Question 6

How can research members participate in collecting data and information?

Answer 6

Invitation to participate in the study contributes to patient advocacy (can choose to be involved in the study)

Question 7

Journal clubs are the

Answer 7

Dissemination of research (publishing to the internet, journal publications, conferences, presentations, sharing research)

Question 8

Peer-reviewal

Answer 8

Read through research to make corrections without knowing author to evaluate research findings

Question 9

Principle investigator

Answer 9

Search for research evidence

Question 10

How did Florence Nightingale contribute to evidence-based practice

Answer 10

First example of the use of nursing research, MOST NOTED FOR DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Question 11

What was formed MID 20th century to help disseminate information?

Answer 11

Journal of Nursing Research

Question 12

What was established in the 1960s that led to the emergence of PRACTICE-ORIENTED RESEARCH

Answer 12

Health Resources and Services Administration

Question 13

Clinical research became increasingly important in what year? What was established during that time?

Answer 13

1980s, the National Center of Nursing Research

Question 14

What is the function of the National Institute for Nursing Research (NINR)

Answer 14

Supports CLINICAL AND BASIC RESEARCH (analyzing different types of the same class of medication)

Question 15

What is extramural research?

Answer 15

Sponsors that research with OUTSIDE investigators at colleges, universities, and other research sites

Question 16

What is intramural research?

Answer 16

Conducts its OWN research at NIH

Question 17

What are systematic reviews?

Answer 17

Collects and critically analyzes multiple research studies

Question 18

Magnet Status

Answer 18

Applies the BEST AND MOST RECENT research findings

Question 19

Tradition vs Authority

Answer 19

Tradition: custom, “unit culture”
Authorities: person with specialized expertise, nursing faculty, textbook authors

Question 20

Clinical nursing experience / Trial & error (2)

Answer 20

1) Personal experience
2) Too narrow to be generally useful

Question 21

Assembled information (2)

Answer 21

1) Benchmarking data that provides rates (ie: rates of nosocomial infection)
2) Quality improvement and risk data

Question 22

Disciplined research (2)

Answer 22

EBP uses RIGOROUS RESEARCH-BASED FINDINGS

Question 23

What is a paradigm?

Answer 23

World view, general perspectives of the real world

Question 24

What are assumptions?

Answer 24

Principle beliefs to be true WITHOUT verification

Question 25

What are the key paradigms for nursing research?

Answer 25

1) Positivist paradigm (QUANtitative)
2) Constructivist paradigm (QUALItative)

Question 26

Positivist paradigm (3)

Answer 26

1) Real, natural causes
2) Tests the hypothesis using DEDUCTION
3) QUANTItative: measurable, statistic

Question 27

Constructivist paradigm (3)

Answer 27

1) Subjective
2) Generates the hypothesis using INDUCTION
3) QUALItative: narrative information

Question 28

Quantitative (4)

Answer 28

1) Collect and analyze numeric information
2) Series of steps, CONTROLS the research
3) Gathers empirical evidence (objective, measurable)
4) Purpose: to describe

Question 29

Generalizability (QUANtitative)

Answer 29

Findings generalized to individuals other than those who participated in the research (to compare to larger populations)

Question 30

Qualitative (3)

Answer 30

1) Narrative and subjective
2) Looks for people with relative information and experience (smaller sample size)
3) Purpose: to explore

Question 31

What is the goal of both paradigms?

Answer 31

Answer research questions

Question 32

Both paradigms are similar in gathering what type of evidence?

Answer 32

External evidence is gathered empirically (through the senses)

Question 33

What constraint do both paradigms have?

Answer 33

Ethical constraints

Question 34

Possible issues to both paradigms (3)

Answer 34

1) Limitations
2) Financial constraints
3) No single study can produce an answer

Question 35

What are the 5 classification schemes in nursing research?

Answer 35

1) Identification
2) Description
3) Exploration
4) Prediction and control
5) Explanation

Question 36

Which classification schemes use both QUANtitative and QUALitative research?

Answer 36

Description
Exploration
Explanation

Question 37

Define how quality and quantity is defined in the ‘exploration’ classification scheme

Answer 37

Quality: full nature of the cause
Quantity: causing factors