Chapter 1 (Midterm) Flashcards
Define evidence-based practice
The USE of the best evidence in making patient decisions
Nursing practice that uses research findings as a
BASIS for nurses’ decisions
ACTIONS and INTERACTIONS with clients
What is the purpose of using evidence-based practice?
To find the best possible care to the most people that is most cost-effective
Consumers of nursing research
Reads and incorporates research into practice by SEARCHING FOR RESEARCH IN CREDIBLE LITERATURE
Producers of nursing research include (2)
Academics
Clinical usage
How can research members participate in collecting data and information?
Invitation to participate in the study contributes to patient advocacy (can choose to be involved in the study)
Journal clubs are the
Dissemination of research (publishing to the internet, journal publications, conferences, presentations, sharing research)
Peer-reviewal
Read through research to make corrections without knowing author to evaluate research findings
Principle investigator
Search for research evidence
How did Florence Nightingale contribute to evidence-based practice
First example of the use of nursing research, MOST NOTED FOR DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
What was formed MID 20th century to help disseminate information?
Journal of Nursing Research
What was established in the 1960s that led to the emergence of PRACTICE-ORIENTED RESEARCH
Health Resources and Services Administration
Clinical research became increasingly important in what year? What was established during that time?
1980s, the National Center of Nursing Research
What is the function of the National Institute for Nursing Research (NINR)
Supports CLINICAL AND BASIC RESEARCH (analyzing different types of the same class of medication)
What is extramural research?
Sponsors that research with OUTSIDE investigators at colleges, universities, and other research sites
What is intramural research?
Conducts its OWN research at NIH
What are systematic reviews?
Collects and critically analyzes multiple research studies
Magnet Status
Applies the BEST AND MOST RECENT research findings
Tradition vs Authority
Tradition: custom, “unit culture”
Authorities: person with specialized expertise, nursing faculty, textbook authors
Clinical nursing experience / Trial & error (2)
1) Personal experience
2) Too narrow to be generally useful
Assembled information (2)
1) Benchmarking data that provides rates (ie: rates of nosocomial infection)
2) Quality improvement and risk data
Disciplined research (2)
EBP uses RIGOROUS RESEARCH-BASED FINDINGS
What is a paradigm?
World view, general perspectives of the real world
What are assumptions?
Principle beliefs to be true WITHOUT verification
What are the key paradigms for nursing research?
1) Positivist paradigm (QUANtitative)
2) Constructivist paradigm (QUALItative)
Positivist paradigm (3)
1) Real, natural causes
2) Tests the hypothesis using DEDUCTION
3) QUANTItative: measurable, statistic
Constructivist paradigm (3)
1) Subjective
2) Generates the hypothesis using INDUCTION
3) QUALItative: narrative information
Quantitative (4)
1) Collect and analyze numeric information
2) Series of steps, CONTROLS the research
3) Gathers empirical evidence (objective, measurable)
4) Purpose: to describe
Generalizability (QUANtitative)
Findings generalized to individuals other than those who participated in the research (to compare to larger populations)
Qualitative (3)
1) Narrative and subjective
2) Looks for people with relative information and experience (smaller sample size)
3) Purpose: to explore
What is the goal of both paradigms?
Answer research questions
Both paradigms are similar in gathering what type of evidence?
External evidence is gathered empirically (through the senses)
What constraint do both paradigms have?
Ethical constraints
Possible issues to both paradigms (3)
1) Limitations
2) Financial constraints
3) No single study can produce an answer
What are the 5 classification schemes in nursing research?
1) Identification
2) Description
3) Exploration
4) Prediction and control
5) Explanation
Which classification schemes use both QUANtitative and QUALitative research?
Description
Exploration
Explanation
Define how quality and quantity is defined in the ‘exploration’ classification scheme
Quality: full nature of the cause
Quantity: causing factors
