chapter 1 mental health Flashcards
what does Maslow emphasize about mental illness?
it is associated with an individual’s motivation toward self-actualization
self-actualization is?
the state of being “psychologically healthy, fully human, highly evolved, and fully matured”
Townsend and Morgan define mental health as?
the successful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment, evident by thought feelings, and behaviors that are age appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms
Maslow believed that people who are “self-actualized” possess what qualities (13)
- appropriate perception of reality
- ability to accept oneself, others and human nature
- ability to manifest spontaneity
- capacity for focusing concentration on problem-solving
- need for detachment and desire for privacy
- independence, autonomy, & resistance to enculturation
- an intensity of emotional reaction
- “peak” experiences that validate the worthwhileness, richness, and beauty of life
- identification with human kind
- achieve satisfactory interpersonal relationships
- democratic character/ strong ethics
- creativity
- degree of nonconformance
Psychological needs includes?
food, aire, water, sleep, elimination, exercise, shelter, and sexual expression
Safety and security includes?
Avoiding harm, maintaining comfort, order, structure, physical safety, freedom from fear, and protection
Love and belongings includes?
Giving and receiving affection; companionship, satisfactory interpersonal relationships and identification with a group
Self-esteem/ esteem of others includes?
The individual seeks self-respect and respect from others, works to achieve success and recognition in work, and desires prestige from accomplishments.
Self-actualization includes?
the individual possess a feeling of self fulfillment and the realization of his or her highest potential
Incomprehensibility
general population doesnt understand the motivation behind the behavior
cultural relativity
rules, conventions, and understandings are conceived within an individual’s own particular culture
Townsend and Morgan defines mental illness as?
maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment, evident by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms, and interfere with the individual’s social, occupational, and/or physical functioning
define stress
the state manifested by a specific syndrome which consists of all the nonspecifically induced changes with in a biologic system
what is the syndrome of symptoms called?
fight or flight syndrome
what is the general reaction of the body to stress?
general adaptation syndrome
alarm reaction stage
Responses of the fight-or-flight syndrome are initiated.
stage of resistance
The individual uses the physiological responses of the first stage as a defense in the attempt to adapt to the stressor. If adaptation occurs, the third stage is prevented or delayed. Physiological symptoms may disappear.
- stage of exhaustion
2. what symptoms can this stage cause?
- prolonged exposure to stressor to which the body has become adjusted
- headache, mental disorders, CAD, ulcers, colitis, and even death.
what is anxiety? is the individual aware?
a feeling of discomfort and apprehension related to fear of impending danger. the individual is often unaware
what is anxiety accompanied with?
uncertainty and helplessness
Mild anxiety:
- seldom a problem
- tension with day to day living
- prepares people for action
- sharpens senses
- increases motivation of productivity
- heightened awareness of environment
- learning is enhanced
- functions at their optimal level
- increases perceptual field
Moderate anxiety:
- perceptual field diminishes
- less alert to events in their environment
- attention span/ concentration decreases
- they still attend needs with direction
- problem solving assistance is required
- increases muscular tension
- restlessness
Severe Anxiety:
- perceptual field so greatly diminishes the person concentration on one particular detail only or many extraneous details
- limited attention span
- difficulty completing the simplest task
- physical symptoms - headaches, palpitations, insomnia
- emotional symptoms - confusion, dread, horror
- discomfort - all overt behaviors is aimed at relieving the anxiety
Panic Anxiety:
- cant focus on one detail in environment
- misperceptions
- loss of contact w/ reality
- hallucinations or delusions
- wild/desperate actions or extreme withdrawal
- human functioning and communication w/ others are ineffective
- feeling of terror
- may think they have a life-threatening illness, or fear they’re “going crazy”, are losing control or are emotionally weak
- leads to physical or emotional exhaustion
Coping mechanism for mild anxiety?
sleeping laughing eating cursing exercise pacing smoking foot swinging crying fidgeting yawning nail biting drinking finger tapping daydreaming talking to someone
What is ego?
the reality component of the personality that governs problem-solving and rational thinking
what happens to ego when anxiety increases?
the strength of ego is tested and energy is mobilized to confront the threat
ego defense mechanisms become maladaptive when?
when an individual uses them to such a degree that the defense mechanism interferes with the ability to deal with reality w. interpersonal relations, or occupational performance
psychological disorders caused by moderate to severe anxiety is under what category?
psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
psychological factors may cause what?
may exacerbate symptoms of delay recovery from, or interfere with treatment of the medical condition
when is the condition initiant or exacerbated?
by an environmental situation that the individual perceives as stressful
