Chapter 1 - Mechanisms Of Disease, Diagnosis, And Treatment Flashcards
Homeostasis
internal stability of the body
Pathologic conditions involve
measurable
changes in normal structure and function
Pathogenesis
Development of disease in stages
Pathogenesis of the common cold
- Incubation - No signed yet evident
- Entry into the body
- Full-blown illness
- Recovery
Systemic health
Internal equilibrium
Disease state
Inability to adapt to internal and External stressors
Syndrome
A collection of signs and symptoms that characterize a condition
Etiology
The study of the cause of the disease. Example pneumonia caused by virus or bacteria
Nosocomial
Disease acquired from a hospital environment. For example a patient develops a staff infection after an operation
Diagnosis
Identifying or naming the disease or condition
Prognosis
Predicted or expected outcome. for example a common cold to last 7 to 10 days
Treatment
Plan of care. Ex) Medication, surgery, etc
Benign tumors characteristics
◦ Develop and grow very slowly ◦ Can arise from any tissue ◦ Usually remain encapsulated (self-contained) ◦ Cells are well differentiated ◦ Usually not life threatening ◦ Rarely recur after surgical removal
Malignant tumors characteristics
◦ Cells multiply rapidly
◦ Do not usually resemble the tissue of origin
(undifferentiated)
◦ Invade surrounding tissue
◦ Often recurrent
◦ Infiltrate to distant sites (metastasize)
Cancer treatment
◦ Surgery ◦ Radiation ◦ Chemotherapy ◦ Hormone therapy ◦ Immunotherapy ◦ Palliative surgery
What are some warning signs of cancer
Sores that do not heal Unusual bleeding A change in a wart or mole A lump or thickening in any tissue Persistent hoarseness or cough Chronic indigestion Change in bowel or bladder function Bone pain that wakes one at night and is located on only one side
Metastasis
When malignant cells infiltrate to distant sites
Name three Cancer risk factors
◦ Tobacco smoke (active and passive) ◦ Heavy use of alcohol ◦ Exposure to environmental carcinogens ◦ High fat/low fiber diet ◦ Excessive exposure to sunlight/UV light ◦ Sedentary lifestyle ◦ Exposure to radiation/radon
Pathology
The study of disease. It’s the objective description of the traits causes and affects of abnormal conditions
Signs
Observable and measurable evidence of an abnormal condition made by someone other than the patient.
Examples: redness, swelling, purulent discharge, fever
Symptoms
Subjective patient reports (felt only by the patient)
Examples: difficulty swallowing, pain, fatigue, headache
Acute illness
Onset is usually abrupt
Symptoms present themselves over hours to days
Duration brief (<6 months)
Chronic illness
Onset is slower
Symptoms persist from acute/subacute phases
Duration indefinite (>6 months)
Remission and/or exacerbation
The difference between epidemic and pandemic
Epidemic is when there is a higher than normal rate of occurrence of particular condition within a society.
Pandemic is when illness occurs worldwide.
Abbreviation of diagnoses
Dx
Abbreviation a prescription
Rx
Abbreviation of treatment
Tx
Abbreviation of symptom
Sx
What does MRSA stand for?
Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus
Diseases that result from an abnormality in or a mutation in a gene are termed what type of disease?
Genetic disease
What does SOAP Stand for?
Subjective - complaints
Objective data - nurse or doctor can see
Assessment - all info - diagnosis
Plan - treatment
Pathogenic agents of infection
◦ Bacteria
◦ Viruses
◦ Fungi
◦ Protozoa
