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General Chemistry 101 > Chapter 1 Matter, Measurements & Problem Solving > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Matter, Measurements & Problem Solving Flashcards

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1
Q

molecules

A

atoms that bond together

ex: CO2

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2
Q

Chemistry

A

understanding the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules

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3
Q

Empirical

A

based on observation and experiments

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4
Q

Qualitative

A

describing how and experiment happens

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5
Q

Quantitative

A

measuring the data

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6
Q

Hypothesis

A

tentative interpreation/ explanation of observation

-falsifiable: confirmed or refuted

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7
Q

Experiments

A

highly controlled procedures designed to generate observations that can confirm/deny hypothesis

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8
Q

scientific law

A

brief statement that summarizes past observations & predicts future ones

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9
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass

A

Matter is neither created nor destroyed

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10
Q

Scientific theory

A

model for the way nature is and tries to explain not merely what matter does

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11
Q

Atomic Theory: (Dalton)

A

Matter is composed of small indestructible particles called atoms

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12
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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13
Q

Substance

A

State, composition (s,l,g)

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14
Q

Solid

A

atoms/molecules pack tightly together in fixed formation/location.
*fixed V rigid shape

  • Crystaline: arranged in patterns w/ long range repeating order
  • Amorphous: don’t have any long range pattern
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15
Q

Liquid:

A

pk closely together, free to move around relative to one another

  • fixed V no shape
  • assume shape of container
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16
Q

Gas

A

Lots of space between

  • compressible
  • assume V and shape of container
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17
Q

composition

A

kinds/amount of substances the compose it

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18
Q

pure substance

A

composed of a single time of atom/molecule

19
Q

mixture

A

composed of 2 or more different types of atoms/molecules

20
Q

element

A

can not be chemically broken down into another substance

21
Q

Compound

A

2 or more elements in fixed, definite proportions

22
Q

heterogenous mixture

A

composition varies between on region to another

23
Q

homogenous mixture

A

same composition throughout

24
Q

physical change

A

alter only state/ appearance
-NOT composition
EX water boiling

25
Q

chemical change

A

alter composition

EX iron rusting

26
Q

physical property

A

displays w/o changing composition

-smell

27
Q

chemical property

A

only changing composition via chemical change

-flammability

28
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

associated with motion

-total energy of an object

29
Q

Potential Energy

A

energy associated with position/ composition

30
Q

Thermal Energy

A

energy associated w/ temp of object

31
Q

Law of conservation of energy

A

energy is neither created nor destroyed

32
Q

Units

A

standard quantities used to specify measurement
Meter (m): length
Kilogram (kg): mass
Second (s): time
Kelvin (K), Farenheit (F) Celsius (C): temp (Kelvin - standard)

33
Q

Volume

A

Measurement of space

- Liters (L) or milimeters (mL)

34
Q

Density

A

ratio of mass to volume

d=m/v

35
Q

intensive property

A

independent from amount of substance

- density

36
Q

extensive property

A

depends on amount of substance

-mass

37
Q

Significant Figures

A

Greater the # of sig figs the greater the accuracy
1. all nonzeros = sig
2. interior zeros= sig
3. leading zeros= NOT sig, only place holders
4. trailing zeros:
after dec point= sig
before dec point but after non zero= sig
before implied dec pt= ambiguous
use scientific notation

38
Q

Exact numbers

A
  • no uncertainty, dont limit # of sig figs
  • 100cm= 1m
  • unlimited number of sig figs
39
Q

Random Error

A

equal probability of being too high/low

40
Q

systematic error

A

error tends towards too high/ too low

41
Q

Dimensional Analysis

A

using units as guide

42
Q

conversion factor

A

converting from = on bottom

converting to = on top

43
Q

Atoms

A

Subatomic particles that constitute fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter
*free atoms = rare in nature

General Chemistry 101 (2 decks)

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