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Physics > Chapter 1 - Matter and Radiation > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Matter and Radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Rutherford’s experiment ?

A

Firing alpha particles at a thin gold sheet, showing that atoms were mainly empty space

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2
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons

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3
Q

How do you work out specific charge of a charged particle?

A

Charge/mass

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4
Q

Range of the strong force?

A

3-4 femtometres

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5
Q

Which other force does the strong force overcome?

A

Electrostatic

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6
Q

At what distance is the strong force repulsive?

A

O.5 femtometres

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7
Q

What is an alpha particle made of?

A

Two protons and two neutrons

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8
Q

What is a beta particle?

A

A fast moving electron

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9
Q

Apart from a beta particle, what else is emitted in beta radiation?

A

Antineutrino

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10
Q

What is a photon?

A

A packet of energy/electromagnetic wave

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11
Q

What is annihilation?

A

When matter and antimatter, meet and destroy each other giving off photons

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12
Q

What is pair production?

A

When a photon with enough energy separates into a particle and an antiparticle

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13
Q

What is a cloud chamber?

A

A small, transparent container that contains air vapour and is very cold

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14
Q

What is a cloud chamber used for?

A

It’s used for looking at the path of ionising particles - they leave a trail of water droplets as they pass through.

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15
Q

What is a virtual photon?

A

A photon that is the cause of electromagnetic reactions, e.g. They cause particles to move away from each other in repulsion

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16
Q

What is the weak force?

A

The force responsible for changing a neutron into a proton in beta decay

17
Q

What is a nucleon?

A

A neutron or proton in the nucleus

18
Q

What is a nuclide?

A

A type of nucleus with a particular number or protons and neutrons

19
Q

1Ev in J

A

1.6x10^-19

20
Q

What happens in a neutron neutrino reaction? (Equation)

A

n+v ➡️p+B-

W- boson

21
Q

What happens in a proton antineutrino reaction? (Equation)

A

p+ v’ ➡️ n+B+

W+ boson
v’=anti neutrino

22
Q

What happens in B- decay? (Equation)

A

n➡️ p+v’+B-

W- boson

23
Q

What happens in B+ decay? (Equation)

A

p➡️n+v+B+

W+ boson

24
Q

What happens in an electron capture reaction? (Equation)

A

p+e-➡️n+v

W+ boson

Physics (5 decks)

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