Chapter 1- Matter and Measurements

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything with mass and volume

Question 2

pure substance

Answer 2

• matter with constant composition

- composition is the same throughout

Question 3

mixture

Answer 3

• matter with variable composition

- combination of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means

Question 4

element

Answer 4

a substance made up of only one kind of atom

Question 5

compound

Answer 5

substance made up of more than one kind of atom

Question 6

homogeneous

Answer 6

having a uniform composition

Question 7

heterogeneous

Answer 7

having a non-uniform composition

Question 8

solid

Answer 8

• fixed volume and shape
• not easily compressible
• does not flow easily

Question 9

liquid

Answer 9

• shape of container
• not easily compressible
• flows easily

Question 10

gas

Answer 10

• shape and volume of its container
• compressible
• flows easily

Question 11

chemical properties

Answer 11

• only observable during a chemical change

- reactivity with other chemical substances or flammability

Question 12

physical properties

Answer 12

• readily observable during a physical change

- color, size, boiling point

Question 13

intensive properties

Answer 13

• independent on the amount of matter

- color, conductivity, density, melting point

Question 14

extensive properties

Answer 14

• dependent on the amount of matter

- mass, volume, length

Question 15

chemical changes

Answer 15

• a change in which a new substance is formed or a change in identity
• burning, rusting

Question 16

physical changes

Answer 16

• a change in form but not its identity

- boiling, dissolving

Question 17

filtration

Answer 17

• separates liquid and solid

- heterogeneous mixtures

Question 18

chromatography

Answer 18

separates ink (homogeneous mixture) based on polarity

Question 19

distillation

Answer 19

• separates two liquids

- based on different boiling points

Question 20

mass

Answer 20

• kilogram

- kg

Question 21

length

Answer 21

• meters

- m

Question 22

time

Answer 22

• seconds

- s

Question 23

temperature

Answer 23

• kelvin

- K

Question 24

electrical current

Answer 24

• ampere

- A

Question 25

amount of substance

Answer 25

• mole

- mol

Question 26

luminous intensity

Answer 26

• candela

- cd

Question 27

mega-

Answer 27

• 1,000,000 (1 million)

- M

Question 28

kilo-

Answer 28

• 1,000 (1 thousand)

- k

Question 29

hecto-

Answer 29

• 100

- h

Question 30

deke-

Answer 30

• 10

- da

Question 31

deci-

Answer 31

• 0.1 (10^-1)

- d

Question 32

centi-

Answer 32

• 0.01 (10^-2)

- c

Question 33

milli-

Answer 33

• 0.001 (10^-3)

- m

Question 34

micro-

Answer 34

• 10^-6

- u

Question 35

nano-

Answer 35

• 10^-9

- n

Question 36

accuracy

Answer 36

how close the measured value is to the true or accepted value

Question 37

precision

Answer 37

how close together a group of measurements actually are to each other

Question 38

significant figures

Answer 38

digits in any measurement that are known with certainty plus one digit that is uncertain

Question 39

nonzero integers

Answer 39

always significant

Question 40

leading zeros

Answer 40

never significant

Question 41

captive zeros

Answer 41

always significant

Question 42

trailing zeros

Answer 42

significant only when there is a decimal point

Question 43

exact numbers (from a count or defined numbers)

Answer 43

never limit the number of significant figures in a calculation

Question 44

sig figs in multiplication and division

Answer 44

least number of sig figs

Question 45

sig figs in addition or subtraction

Answer 45

least number of decimal places

Question 46

1 mL

Answer 46

1 cm^3

Question 47

1 inch

Answer 47

2.54 cm

Question 48

1 m^3

Answer 48

1000 L

Question 49

1 cal

Answer 49

4.18 J

Question 50

1 lb

Answer 50

454 g

Question 51

Celsius to kelvin

Answer 51

K = C + 273

Question 52

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 52

F = (9/5)C + 32