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CHEM 305 > Chapter 1: Matter and Measurements > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Matter and Measurements Flashcards

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1
Q

chemistry

A

the study of matter - its natures, properties and transformations

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2
Q

matter

A

anything physically real

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3
Q

property

A

characteristics used to describe or identify something

- ex: size, color, temperature, chemical composition

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4
Q

physical change

A

does not alter the identity of the substance
- ex: melting of solid ice to liquid water

*form changes, but chemical makeup does not)

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5
Q

chemical change

A

does alter a substance’s identity
- ex: rusting of an iron bicycle left in the rain

  • iron combines with oxygen and moisture in the air to become a new substance, rust
  • if a new substance is being produced it is a chemical change
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6
Q

three states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas

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7
Q

solid

A

matter that has a definite volume and definite shape and does not change regardless of the container it is placed in

*H20(s)

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8
Q

liquid

A

matter that has a definite volume but indefinite shape, the volume of a liquid remains constant whether it is placed in one container or another

  • will change shape to fill the container
  • H20(l)
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9
Q

gas

A

matter that has indefinite volume and shape naturally expands to fill the shape it is in

*H20(g)

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10
Q

change of state

A

the conversion of a substance from one state to the other

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11
Q

pure substance

A

is uniform in its chemical composition and its properties all the way down to the microscopic level
- ex: K = potassium

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12
Q

mixture

A

varies in both composition and properties

*components of a mixture can be separated without changing the chemical makeup

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13
Q

homogenous mixture

A

a blend of two or more pure substances
- ex: sugar dissolved in water, you cannot tell the sugar is in the water but the mixtures differs (from water alone) on the molecular level

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14
Q

heterogenous mixture

A

a blend of two or more pure substances having a nonuniform composition
- ex: vegetable stew

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15
Q

element

A

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

*118 elements currently, 91 occur naturally

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16
Q

chemical compound

A

any pure material that can be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical change

*a chemical compound is formed by combining two or more elements to make a new substance

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17
Q

Al

A

Aluminum

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18
Q

Ar

A

Argon

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19
Q

Ba

A

Barium

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20
Q

Bi

A

Bismuth

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21
Q

B

A

Boron

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22
Q

Br

A

Bromine

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23
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

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24
Q

C

A

Carbon

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25
Q

Cl

A

Chlorine

26
Q

Co

A

Cobalt

27
Q

F

A

Fluorine

28
Q

He

A

Helium

29
Q

I

A

Iodine

30
Q

Li

A

Lithium

31
Q

Mg

A

Magnesium

32
Q

Mn

A

Manganese

33
Q

Ni

A

Nickel

34
Q

N

A

Nitrogen

35
Q

O

A

Oxygen

36
Q

P

A

Phosphorus

37
Q

Pt

A

Platinum

38
Q

Rn

A

Radon

39
Q

Si

A

Silicone

40
Q

S

A

Sulfur

41
Q

Ti

A

Titanium

42
Q

Zn

A

Zinc

43
Q

Cu

A

Copper

44
Q

Au

A

Gold

45
Q

Fe

A

Iron

46
Q

Pb

A

Lead

47
Q

Hg

A

Mercury

48
Q

K

A

Potassium

49
Q

Ag

A

Silver

50
Q

Na

A

Sodium

51
Q

Sn

A

Tin

52
Q

CHON

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

*present in all living organisms and essential for human life

53
Q

innocuous

A

not harmful or offensive

54
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass

A

mass is always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed

55
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions

A

elements/atoms always combine in whole number ratios

56
Q

Law of Constant Composition

A

samples of the same compound will always have the same composition
- ex: water on Earth is water on Mars

57
Q

atoms

A

smallest pieces of matter, made up of particles (protons and neutrons, extremely tiny)

58
Q

molecules

A

when atoms are grouped together

59
Q

physical quantities

A

physical quantities that can be measured: mass, temperature, volume, density

*described with both a number and a unit of measurement

60
Q

International System of Units

A 
mass (kilograms, kg)
length (meters, m)
volume (cubic meters, m^3)
temperature (kelvins, k)
time (seconds, s)
density (grams per cubic centimeter, g/cm^3)

CHEM 305 (1 decks)

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