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Chemistry 121 > Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement Flashcards

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1
Q

(BEST DEFINITION) What is Chemistry?

A

The study of everything

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2
Q

What is Chemistry? (Textbook Definition)

A

The study of Matter and Energy
and their transformation

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3
Q

What is Matter?

A

Anything that has Mass and Occupies space

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4
Q

What is Energy?

A

The capacity to do work or transfer heat

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5
Q

What is Chemistry? (Video)

A

Study of Matter and its Reactions

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6
Q

Scientific Method (List The Three Steps)

A

1) Observation
2) Hypothesis
3) Experimentation

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7
Q

Describe Observation

A

Seeing something that asks the question “How?” or “Why?”.

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8
Q

Describe Hypothesis

A

Creating a plausible answer(s) to the question posed in the observation.

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9
Q

Describe Experimentation

A

Perform tests to eliminate incorrect hypothesis. (Hopefully left with correct hypothesis)
Note: Experimentation often leads to new observations!

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10
Q

What is an example of how we can use the scientific method?

A

Observation
While working at the table the light suddenly turns off. Why did the light turn off?

Hypothesis
1) Light bulb burned out
2) Breaker was blown
3) Power off in neighborhood
4) Zombie apocalypse is finally here
5) Someone flipped the switch

Expermentation
Check switch!
Check breaker.
Replace lightbulb
Talk to the neighbors.
Check the new for zombie apocalypse

After experimenting you will figure out the reason for the lights turning off (hopefully)

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11
Q

What is Theory?

A

A working model of a part of the universe that can predict outcomes based on a direct cause and effect relationship.

*IT IS NOT A WELL-DEVELOPED HYPOTHESIS, CAUSE THE HOMIE WILL DEDUCT POINTS FOR THIS TRANSGRESSION

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12
Q

What is a Law?

A

It is nature’s truth or statement of fact

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13
Q

Give an example(s) of a law!

A

Laws of Gravity
Laws of Thermodynamics
Law of Conservation of Mass
Law of Definite Proportions

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14
Q

American System
What are the lengths used?

A

Inch (in), feet (ft), yard (yd), mile (mi)

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15
Q

How many inches in 4.0 miles?

A

No answer cause ya boy doesn’t know

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16
Q

American System
What units are used to measure mass?

A

Pound (lb), ounce (oz), ton

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17
Q

American System
What units are used to measure volume?

A

gallon (gal), quart (qt), pint (pt), fluid (oz)

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18
Q

How many fl oz in 1.0 gal?

A

yee yeee

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19
Q

What is formula used to determine the volume of a cube?

A

Lwh or L^3
(in^3, in^3, yd^3)

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20
Q

how many gallons in 3.0yd^3?

A

Math is for nerds

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21
Q

International System (SI) (Metric System)
What units are used to measure length?

A

meter (m), kilometer (km), centimeter (cm), millimeter (mm)

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22
Q

How many cm in 4.0 km = 400,000?

A

I don’t know what the question is asking

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23
Q

International System (SI) (Metric System)
What units are used to measure mass?

A

Kilogram (kg), gram (g), milligram (mg)

24
Q

How many mg in 2.0kg = 2.0*106 m

A

I’m dead inside

25
Q

What units are used for volume in the metric system?

A

liter (l), milliliter (mL), kiloliter (kL)

26
Q

Easy conversions! List them all RIGHT NOW!

A

cm^3, m^3, dm^3

1cm^3 = 1mL
1dm^3 = 1L = 1000cm^3
1m^3 = 1 kL = 1000 L = 1,000,000 cm^3

Too easy

27
Q

International Units (Prefix)

What is the unit prefix of 1,000,000,000,000?

A

Tera (T)
10^12

28
Q

International Units (Prefix)
What is the unit prefix of 1,000,000,000?

A

Giga (G)
10^9

29
Q

International Units (Prefix)
What is the unit prefix of 1,000,000?

A

Mega (M)
10^6

30
Q

International Units (Prefix)
What is the unit prefix of 1,000?

A

kilo (k)
10^3

31
Q

International Units (Prefix)
What is the unit prefix of 1/10 (0.1)?

A

deci (d)
10^-1

32
Q

International Units (Prefix)
What is the unit prefix of 1/100 (0.01)?

A

centi (c)
10^-2

33
Q

International Units (Prefix)
What is the unit prefix of 1/1000 (0.001)?

A

milli (m)
10^-3

34
Q

International Units (Prefix)
What is the unit prefix of 1/1,000,000 (0.000001)?

A

micro ( μ greek symbol)
10^-6

35
Q

International Units (Prefix)
What is the unit prefix of 1/1,000,000,000 (0.000000001)

A

nano (n with a tail)
10^-9

36
Q

International Units (Prefix)
What is the unit prefix of 1/1,000,000,000,000 (0.000000000001)?

A

pico (p; needs to be lower case)
10^-12

37
Q

International Units (Prefix)
What is the unit prefix of 1/1,000,000,000,000,000 (0.000000000000001)

A

femto (f but in cursive)
10^-15

38
Q

What is Precision?

A

It is defined by how close the value of each trial is to each other and the average value
(Degree of repeatabilitiy)
This can be referred to as mechanical error

Example: Small grouping of shots on a target which shows precision due to its consistency

39
Q

What is accuracy?

A

Defined by how close the reported (average) value is to the “True” value (Does it average out to be “True”)
This can be referred to as human error

Example: 5 measurements that average around the “True Value”

Example for the example:
This is best depicted by 5 shots taken on a target and they hit the target but are more spread out from the center which would be, in this case, considered the “True” value. (Larger groupings compared to precision)

40
Q

What is the formula for Precision?

A

E = summation
% Average Deviation = E |Ave-Trial|
1–>n
—————————- X 100%
n
—————————-
Ave
Reminder:
n = number of trials
- Precision can always be determined
- More precise = smaller deviation

Refer to notes for examples.

41
Q

What is the formula for Accuracy?

A

% Error =
|True - Ave|
——————— X 100%
True
* More accurate = less error
(Accuracy can only be determined if “True” value is known)

See notes for example.

42
Q

Two part question!!

Precision and Significant figures
1) What is the rule of using certain and
uncertain digits when making
measurements?
2) What are Uncertain and certain digits?

A

1) ALWAYS record all Certain digits and 1st
Uncertain digit.

2) Certain digits are all markings on a
measuring device
- Uncertain digits are found in the “space”
between markings (Referred to as “degree
of precision”)

See notes for examples.

43
Q

Measurements and SigFigs
What will a measuring device always have?

A

A measuring device will ALWAYS have the same precision for all measurements!

It will always be + or - .1 of given measurement.

44
Q

Calculations and Significant Figures

What is the rule concerning Non zero digits?

A

Non Zero digits are always significant

45
Q

Calculations and Significant Figures

What are the THREE rules concerning Zeros?

A

a) Proceeding zero’s are NOT significant
Example: 0.000024 = 2 sig figs

b) In between zeros ARE significant
Example: 0.010205 = 5 sig figs

c) Trailing zero’s are NOT significant UNLESS a
DECIMAL is present.
Example: 20,000 = 1 sig figs
20,000. = 5 sig figs

46
Q

Calculations and Significant Figures

What numbers have infinite significant figures?

A

Exact numbers

Example: Constants, conversion factors, and
formula equations.

47
Q

What is the rule for sig figs concerning multiplication and division?

A

The variable with the LEAST amount of sig figs DETERMINES the amount of sig figs in the solution.

48
Q

What is the rule for sig figs concerning addition and subtraction?

A

The precision of the LEAST precise variable DETERMINES the precision of the solution

  • Precision rule is often called the “column”
    rule
49
Q

Dimensional Analysis

What do you keep track of when solving a dimensional problem? (Division and multiplication)

A

Units (g, lb, gal, min) and least amount of significant figures

50
Q

Combination Problems

What do you keep track of when solving a combination problem? (addition and subtraction)

A

Least precise significant figure

51
Q

Formula for Kelvin (K)

A

K = __°C+273.15

52
Q

Formula for Fahrenheit (°F)

A

°F = 9/5__°C+32

53
Q

Formula for Velocity

A

Velocity = distance/time (travel time)

54
Q

Formula for determining time

A

time = distance/velocity (speed)

55
Q

Formula for calculating percentage

A

Percentage = part/whole (total) X 100%
OR
% = P/w X 100%

56
Q

Formula for Density

A

Density = Mass/Volume

Note: See note for proper way to write unit for
density.

Chemistry 121 (3 decks)

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