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Chemistry 121 A > Chapter 1: matter and measurement > Flashcards

Chapter 1: matter and measurement Flashcards

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0
Q

What is matter

A

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

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1
Q

What is chemistry

A

We study matter, it’s properties, and it’s behavior

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2
Q

What is an atom

A

Building blocks of matter

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3
Q

What is an element

A

Made up of the same kind of atom that cannot be decomposed into smaller substances

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4
Q

What is a compound

A

Two or more different kinds of elements

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5
Q

Why do we study chemistry

A

Chemistry is a central science, central to the fundamental understanding of other sciences and technologies involved in everything we do

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6
Q

What is the conversion factor for 1in to mm then to cm

A

1in=25.40mm=2.540cm

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7
Q

What is 1yd to cm then to m

A

1yd=91.44cm=0.9144m

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8
Q

What is 1ft to in to cm to m

A

1 ft=12in=30.48cm=0.3048m

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9
Q

What is 1mi to km to m

A

1mi=1.609km=1609m

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10
Q

What is 1lb to g to kg

A

1lb=453.6g=0.4536kg

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11
Q

What is 1oz to g to mg

A

1oz=28.35g=2835mg

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12
Q

What is 1gal to L to ml to cm3

A

1gal=3.785L=3785ml=3785cm3

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13
Q

What is a pure substance

A

It is a matter that has distinct properties and composition does not vary from sample to sample

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14
Q

What is a mixture

A

The composition of two or more substances that retain their identity. A physical blend of two or more substances

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15
Q

What is a homogenous mixture

A

It is a mixture that is uniform throughout

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16
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture

A

A mixture that is not uniform throughout

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17
Q

What is the physical property of matter

A

It can be observed without changing a substance into another substance

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18
Q

What are some examples of physical properties

A

Boiling point, density, volume, and changes of state

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19
Q

What is a chemical property

A

It can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance

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20
Q

What are some examples of chemical properties

A

Flammability, corrosiveness, and reactivity

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21
Q

What is an intensive physical property

A

They are independent of the amount of the substance that is present

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22
Q

What are some examples of intensive properties

A

Density, boiling point, and color

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23
Q

What is an extensive property

A

It depends on the amount of the substance present

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24
Q

What are some examples of extensive properties

A

Mass, volume, and energy

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25
Q

What is a chemical reaction

A

In the case of a chemical reaction, the reacting substances are converted to new substances

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26
Q

What is filtration.

A

Solid substances are separated from liquids and other substances

27
Q

What is distillation.

A

Uses differences in boiling points of substances to separate a homogeneous mixture into its components

28
Q

What is chromatography.

A

It separates substances on the basis of differences in solubility in a solvent

29
Q

What is the SI unit for mass, length, temperature, amount of substance, and time

A 
Kilogram-kg
Meter-m
Kelvin-k
Mole-mol
Second-sec
30
Q

What is mass.

A

The measure of the amount of matter in an object

31
Q

What is weight.

A

The measure of the gravitational force on the matter in an object

32
Q

What is temperature.

A

A measure of the hotness or coldness of an object. It is a physical property that determines he direction of heat flow. Flows from high to low temperature. Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample.

33
Q

What is the equation for the kelvin

A

K= C+273.15

34
Q

What is the equation for Fahrenheit

A

F=9/5(C) +32

35
Q

What is the equation for Celsius

A

C=5/9(F-32)

36
Q

What is the freezing point of each temperature unit

A

32F=0C=273K

37
Q

What are the boiling points of each of the temperature units

A

212F=100C=373K

38
Q

What is a derived unit

A

A unit of measurement that is determined by combining one or more measurements

39
Q

What are the most commonly used units in volume

A

L and mL

40
Q

What is density.

A

A physical property of a substance that has units (g/mL) that are derived from the units of mass and volume

41
Q

What is an exact number

A

Known as counting or defined

42
Q

What is an in exact number

A

Derived from measurements.

43
Q

What is accuracy.

A

Refers to the proximity of a measurement to the true value of a quantity

44
Q

What is precision.

A

Refers to the proximity of several measurements to each other

45
Q

What is the Atomic theory of matter

A
  1. Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms
  2. All atoms of a given element are identical to one another in mass and other properties, however the atoms of one element are different from atoms of all other elements
  3. Atoms of an element can’t be changed into atoms of another element by chemical reactions, atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions
  4. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine, a given compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms
46
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass

A

The total mass of substance present at the end of a chemical process is the same ad the mass of substance present before the process took place

47
Q

What is the atomic number

A

The number of protons or electrons. It is the same for each element

48
Q

What is the mass number

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

49
Q

What are isotopes.

A

Atoms of the same element with different masses. They have different number of neutrons

50
Q

What is the average atomic mass

A

Calculated from the isotopes of an element weighted by their relative abundance a

(Isotope mass) times (fractional isotope abundance)

51
Q

What are the horizontal lines in a periodic table and how many are there

A

They are periods and there are 7

52
Q

What are the vertical columns on the periodic table and how many are there

A

They are groups containing the same properties and there are 18

53
Q

What are the five groups

A
  1. Alkali metal
  2. Alkaline Earth Metal
  3. Chalcogens
  4. Halogens
  5. Noble gases
54
Q

What are the Alkali metals

A

Li, Na, K, Rb, Ca, and Fr

55
Q

What do the subscript to the right if the symbol mean

A

Tells the number of atoms of that element in one molecule of the compound

56
Q

What are molecular formula

A

Gives the exact number of atoms of each element in a compound

57
Q

What is empirical formula

A

Gives the lowest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

58
Q

What are structural formulas

A

Shows the order in which atoms are bonded.

59
Q

What are molecular compounds

A

Composed of molecules and almost always contain no metals

60
Q

What are diatomic molecules

A

These are seven elements that occur naturally as molecules containing two elements

  1. Hydrogen
  2. Oxygen
  3. Nitrogen
  4. Fluorine
  5. Chlorine
  6. Bromine
  7. Iodine
61
Q

What are ions.

A

When atoms gain or lose electrons, the become ions

62
Q

What are cations.

A

Positive and formed by elements on the left side of the periodic chart

63
Q

What are anions.

A

Negative and are formed by elements on the right side o the periodic chart

64
Q

What are ionic compounds

A

Generally a combination of metals and no metals

65
Q

Rules for inorganic nomenclature

A
  • Write the name of the cation
  • if the anion is an element, change it’s ending to -ide, if the anion is a polyatomic ion, write its name.
  • if the cation has more than one possible charge, write he charge as a Roman numeral
66
Q

Patterns in oxyanion nomenclature

A

When there are two oxyanions involving the same element

  • the one with fewer oxygens ends it -ite
  • the one with more oxygens ends in -ate

Chemistry 121 A (1 decks)

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