Chapter 1- Matter and Energy

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Everything in the universe that has mass and occupies space

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

The property that defines the quantity of matter in an object

Question 3

Energy

Answer 3

A fundamental component of the universe described as the capacity to do “work”

Question 4

Chemistry

Answer 4

The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and of the energy consumed or given off when matter undergoes a change

Question 5

Substance

Answer 5

Matter that has a constant composition and cannot be broken down to simpler matter by any physical process: also called “pure substance”

Question 6

Physical process

Answer 6

A transformation of a sample of matter, such as a change in its physical state, that does not alter the chemical identity of any substance in the sample

Question 7

Mixture

Answer 7

A combination of pure substances in variable proportions in which the individual substances retain their chemical identities and can be separated from one another by a physical process

Question 8

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 8

A mixture in which the components are distributed uniformly throughout the mixture and have no visible boundaries

Question 9

Solution

Answer 9

Another name for homogenous mixture. Solutions are often liquids, but they may be gases

Question 10

Heterogenous mixture

Answer 10

A mixture in which the components are not distributed uniformly

Question 11

Element

Answer 11

A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by any chemical process

Question 12

Compound

Answer 12

A pure substance that is composed of two or more elements bonded together in fixed proportions and that can be broken down into those elements by some chemical process

Question 13

Chemical reaction

Answer 13

The transformation of one or more substances into different substances

Question 14

Law of constant composition

Answer 14

All samples of a particular compound contain the same elements combined in the same proportions

Question 15

Atom

Answer 15

The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical characteristics of the element

Question 16

Molecule

Answer 16

A collection of atoms chemically bonded together in characteristic proportions

Question 17

Chemical formula

Answer 17

A notation for representing elements and compounds; consists of the symbols of the constituent elements and subscripts identifying the number of atoms of each element in one molecule

Question 18

Chemical equation

Answer 18

Notation in which chemical formulas express the identities and their coefficients express the quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction

Question 19

Chemical bond

Answer 19

The energy that holds two atoms in a molecule together

Question 20

Filtration

Answer 20

A process for separating particles suspended in a liquid or a gas from that liquid or gas by asking the mixture through a medium that retains the particles

Question 21

Distillation

Answer 21

A separation technique in which the more volatile components of a mixture are vaporized and then condensed, thereby separating them from the less volatile components