Chapter 1 - Materials And Components

Question 0

Describe the uses and properties of tracing paper.

Answer 0

Allows tracing through onto another sheet in order to develop design ideas

Heavier paper can be quite expensive

Question 1

Describe the uses and properties of cartridge paper.

Answer 1

General purpose drawing paper
Heavier weights can be used with paint

Opaque
Can be used with most drawing media
More expensive than copier paper

Question 2

Describe the uses and properties of folding boxboard.

Answer 2

Excellent for scoring, bending and creasing without splitting
Good printing surface

Cereal boxes, most food packaging
Relatively inexpensive

Question 3

Describe the uses and properties of corrugated board.

Answer 3

Excellent impact resistance and strength to weight ratio
Recyclable

Protective packaging
Relatively inexpensive

Question 4

Describe the uses and properties of solid white board.

Answer 4

Very strong and rigid
Good printing surface

Packaging for ice cream and other frozen foods
Expensive

Question 5

Describe the uses and properties of foil-lined board.

Answer 5

Strong visual impact
Foil provides barrier against moisture

Pre-packed food packages
Expensive

Question 6

What are the 6 layers in packaging laminate and why are they used?

Answer 6

1. Polyethylene - external layer to protect against outside moisture
2. Polyethylene - internal layer bond with aluminium
3. Aluminium foil - barrier against light and air
4. Polyethylene - internal layer bond with paperboard
5. Paperboard - provide stiffness and total graphic coverage (good printing surface
6. Polyethylene - internal layer in contact with liquid, seals in the liquid

Question 7

Describe the difference in ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Answer 7

Ferrous - contains iron, rusts, magnetic e.g. Steel, iron

Non-ferrous - does not contain iron, doesn’t rust, non-magnetic e.g. Aluminium, tin

Question 8

Describe the properties of steel.

Answer 8

When rolled into thin sheets, it is lightweight and can be formed into a range of shapes. It is used to make food cans and aerosol cans.

Question 9

Describe the properties of aluminium.

Answer 9

Strong and lightweight, can be formed into a variety of shapes. Non-ferrous so does not rust.

Question 10

Describe the properties of tin.

Answer 10

Used in the form of tinplate, consists of cold-rolled steel sheets coated with a thin layer of tin to prevent corrosion.

Question 11

What are the differences between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics?

Answer 11

Thermoplastics can be heated and reheated many times to make different shapes for different products.

Thermosetting plastics can only be formed once and reheating causes them to melt and get damaged.

Question 12

Describe some properties of acrylic.

Answer 12

Weather resistant
Chemical resistant
Durable
Easy to shape and work
Very aesthetically pleasing

Question 13

Describe some properties of Styrofoam.

Answer 13

Rigid and high compressive strength
Easy to cut and shape
Sheets can be glued together with PVA
Smooth surface when sanded
Can be painted

Question 14

Describe some properties of PET (polyethylene terephthalate).

Answer 14

Excellent barrier against air and gases
Doesn't flavour contents
Clear appearance
Very tough
Lightweight

Question 15

Describe some properties of PVC (polyvinyl chloride).

Answer 15

Weather and chemical resistant
Protects product from external moisture and gases
Strong,mood abrasive resistance
Tough
Can be made rigid or flexible

Question 16

Describe some properties of PP (polypropylene).

Answer 16

Lightweight
Rigid
Good chemical resistance
Versatile - can be manufactured rigid or flexible
Low moisture absorption
Good impact resistance

Question 17

Describe some properties of PS (polystyrene).

Answer 17

Rigid polystyrene:
Impact resistant
Rigid
Lightweight
Low water absorption

Expanded polystyrene:
Excellent impact resistance
Good heat insulation
Durable
Lightweight
Low water absorbtion

Question 18

State some properties of glass that made it ideal for commercial packaging.

Answer 18

Cost-effective when mass-produced
Resistant to shock after it has been annealed
Transparent, excellent product visibility
Inert material
Relatively lightweight
Reputable and recyclable
Glass doesn’t deteriorate, corrode, fade or stain; keeps contents fresh
Contents stay preserved through high temperatures
Can be sealed air tight to protect contents from contamination

Question 19

State the advantages and disadvantages of Jelutong wood.

Answer 19

Advantages:
Easily workable, both hand and power tools
Stains, paints and varnishes well
Glues, screws and nails well

Disadvantages:
Brittle and weak
Low resistance to decay
Not easily steam-bent

Question 20

State the advantages and disadvantages of Balsa wood.

Answer 20

Advantages:
Soft and light
Good strength to weight ratio
Quite stable to use
Easiest wood to cut, shape and sand
Buoyant

Disadvantages:
Not very stiff or shock resistant
Very porous so soaks up finishes
Not ideal for steam-bending

Question 21

State the advantages and disadvantages of Parana Pine.

Answer 21

Advantages:
Hard, straight-grained
Fairly strong, durable and easily won ramble
Smooth finish
Glues without difficulty
Holds nails and screws well

Disadvantages:
Low stiffness, shock resistance and decay resistance
Shape can distort if not seasoned properly

Question 22

State the advantages and disadvantages of White Pine.

Answer 22

Advantages:
Easily workable
Carves quite well
No need to pre-drill for nails and screws
Glues, paints and varnishes well

Disadvantages:
Does not turn well
Needs sealer to prevent blotches when staining
Quite weak
Low decay resistance, shock resistance
Not good for steam-bending

Question 23

Who are the FSC and what do they do?

Answer 23

The Forest Stewardship Council is an international organisation dedicated to the responsible management of the world’s forests.
The FSC logo allows customers to recognise wooden products that were manufactured from well-managed forests that do not contribute to deforestation.

Question 24

Define a composite material.

Answer 24

A composite material is made when two or more materials are bonded together. The composite has improved mechanical, functional and aesthetic qualities.

Question 25

State the advantages and disadvantages of carbon fibre.

Answer 25

Advantages: Excellent strength-to-weight ratio Better tensile strength than steel Can be formed into complex shapes Disadvantages: Very expensive Only available in black Highly specialised manufacturing processes required Cannot be easily repaired as structure loses integrity Cannot be easily recycled

Question 26

State the advantages and disadvantages of MDF.

Answer 26

Advantages: Less expensive than natural timbers Available in large sheet sizes and thicknesses Has no grain and so less tendency to split Consistent strength in all directions Disadvantages: Requires appropriate finishes to seal surface fibres Swells and breaks when waterlogged Warps or expands if not sealed Contains urea formaldehyde which can cause eye irritation when cutting and sanding

Question 27

Describe polymorph.

Answer 27

Plastic that has plasticine-like qualities when heated to 60°C. Returns to plastic at room temp. Can be reheated endless times. Usually used for one-off moulds.

Question 28

Describe thermochromic crystals.

Answer 28

Crystals that change colour depending on temperature. Used on battery test panels and forehead thermometers.

Question 29

Describe Liquid Crystal Displays or LCDs.

Answer 29

When charge applied to these crystals, they turn black. Very small current needed to power. Developments have led to full-colour LCDs. Can make over 256 colours. Thinner, so laptops and TV casings can be slimmer, less material is used. Higher resolution than CRT. Use far less energy, saving on money and energy. Weigh less than CRT so more portable.

Question 30

Describe electronic paper.

Answer 30

Mimic ordinary paper. Reflects light like normal paper. Lightweight, durable and highly flexible compared to other technologies. Need no power to maintain an image. Can display over 10,000 pages before battery needs charging.

Question 31

Describe transdermal drug patches.

Answer 31

Medicated adhesive patch that delivers drug straight through skin and into the blood stream over 24 hours. Provides controlled release of drug over period of time. Painless delivery of medication through skin. Clean technology, no needles to dispose of.