Chapter 1: Making Measurements

Question 1

Standard

Answer 1

is an absolute or primary reference or measurement.

Question 2

precise

Answer 2

when several readings are close together when measuring the same value.

Question 3

calibrated

Answer 3

should agree closely with a standard or agree when c correction has been applied.

Question 4

How are measuring cylinders designed?

Answer 4

-They are designed so that you can look at the scale horizontally and read the bottom of the meniscus.
-in a cylinder the water surface curves downwards.

Question 5

meniscus

Answer 5

curved upper surface of a liquid that is caused by surface tension.

Question 6

displace

Answer 6

moving something to another place so water is moved out of the way(upwards) when an object is lowered into it.

Question 7

immerse

Answer 7

to cover something in a fluid (usually water) so that the object is submerged.

Question 8

measuring volume by displacement (5)

Answer 8

-Select a measuring cylinder that is about 3 or 4 times larger than the object.
-Partially fill it with water enough to cover the object.
-Note the volume of the water.
-Immerse the object in the water, and the level of water in the cylinder will increase because the object pushes the water out of the way and the only way it can move is upwards.
-The increase in its volume is equal to the volume of the object.

Question 9

lenght

Answer 9

meter
1 decimeter (dm) = 0.1 m
1 centimeter (cm) = 0.01 m
1 milimeter (mm) = 0.001 m
1 micrometer (um) = 0.000,001 m
1 kilometer (km) = 1000 m

Question 10

volume

Answer 10

cubic meter (m3)
1 cubic centimeter = 0.000,001 m3
1 cubic decimeter = 0.001 m3

Question 11

density formula

Answer 11

mass/ volume

Question 12

mass

Answer 12

the quantity of matter a body is composed of; mass causes the object to resist changes in its motion and causes it to have a gravitational attraction for other objects.

Question 13

density

Answer 13

The ratio of mass to volume for a substance

Question 14

weight

Answer 14

the downward force of gravity that acts on an object because of its mss.

Question 15

Finding the density of a liquid (5)

Answer 15

-Place a measuring cylinder on a balance.
-Set the balance to zero.
-Now pour the liquid into the cylinder.
-Read the volume from the scale on the cylinder.
-The balance shows the mass.

Question 16

analogue

Answer 16

the display has hands (or a needle) and is often not very precise

Question 17

digital

Answer 17

the display shows numbers and is often precise.

Question 18

plum bob

Answer 18

a mass (usually lead) hanging from a string to define a vertical line.

Question 19

oscillation

Answer 19

a repetitive motion or vibration.

Question 20

period

Answer 20

the time for one complete oscillation or wave; the time it takes an object to return to its original position.

Question 21

time period

Answer 21

total time taken / No. of Observation

Question 22

Procedure for the time period (5)

Answer 22

-Place a clamp stand on a table and attach a string to the top using a cork.
-Attach a string to the plumb bob and cork it to the clamp stamp.
-Release it from the mean or equilibrium position and allow it to swing for 10 oscillations.
-Measure the total time taken for the 10 oscillations using a stopwatch.
-Divide the total time by the number of oscillations to get the period for 1 oscillation.

Question 23

precaution

Answer 23

Avoid human reaction error: it asked for a solution to avoid it by taking multiple oscillations and taking the average of it.
t = T*n