Chapter 1 Levels Of Organization Flashcards
Histology examines structures at what level of organization?
Examines tissues
What does gross anatomy examine?
Looks at organ systems and their relationship to the body as a whole.
Living organisms must have what characteristics?
Response, adaptability, growth, reproduction, movement, metabolism, DNA, cells, homeostasis.
What is the taxonomy?
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Specie
What do chordates consist of?
Amphibians, fish, birds, reptiles.
- three anatomical features:
1) notochord- allows brain to develop
2) nerve chord- becomes brain & spinal cord
3) pharyngeal pouches- auditory tube
What are the characteristics shared by mammals?
1) hair
2) complex cerebrum
3) mammary glands
4) heterodont dentition
5) attached placenta
6) well developed facial muscles
7) auditory ossicles
What is the level of organization?
1) atom
2) molecule
3) organelles- membrane bound regions in a cell
4) cells- smallest unit of life
5) tissues- group of cells working together
6) organs
7) organ system
8) organism
What is the role of the integumentary system?
Uses the skin, hair, glands and nails as external support and protection of the body.
—- control of body temp. and sensory input from environmental stimulus.
What is the skeletal system?
Consists of bones, cartilage, joints and marrows for support and protection of the body.
- – framework for movement
- – storage of minerals and fats
- – production of blood
What does the muscular system consist of?
Skeletal muscles, tendons and ligaments.
What is the function of the muscular system?
1) Enables body movement
2) movement of things through the body
3) heat production
What does the nervous system consist of?
Neurons, neuroglia, CNS, PNS
What is the function of the nervous system?
1) control & regulation of other body systems
2) coordination of systems
3) respond to stimuli
What does the endocrine system consists of?
Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, parathyroid, kidneys, pancreas, gonads
What is the function of the endocrine system?
1) Secretion of hormones and chemical regulation.
2) control of long term activities & changes in other systems.
What does the circulatory system consist of?
The heart, blood vessels, and blood.
What is the function of the circulatory system?
Transportation of nutrients, wastes, gases, and chemical messages.
Protection via clotting and immune responses.
What does the lymphatic system consists off?
Lymph vessels, tonsils, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes.
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
Immune response, absorption of fats, drainage and recycling of blood lymph.
What does the respiratory system consist of?
Trachea, bronchii, lungs, sinuses, and nasal cavities.
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Filter, transport and provide for gaseous exchange.
What does the digestive system consist of?
Salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder.
What is the function of the digestive system?
Breakdown and absorption of food.
What does the urinary system consist of?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.
What is the function of the urinary system?
Filtration of blood, removal of metabolic wastes, maintenance of blood volume and ion concentrations.
What is the function of the reproductive system?
Production of sex hormones, gametes, fertilization and development structures.
