Chapter 1- LETS DO THIS CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Question 0

The Circulatory System is also known as _____.

Answer 0

The Vascular System

Question 1

What is the sum total of the chemical changes that go on within the cells of an organism?

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

What are the purpose of the arteries?

Answer 2

Arteries bring blood from the heart to the other organs of the body. (Think of the ‘a’ in arteries as “away”)

Question 3

What are the purpose of veins?

Answer 3

Veins bring blood back to the heart.

Question 4

How is the thickness of the artery and vein walls relate to their functions?

Answer 4

The artery is the one which pumps blood from the heart, so it needs a thicker wall to enable it to withstand the greater pressure that sends the blood (at this point is oxygenated) to the other organs of the body.

The vein is the one which returns the blood (which is now de-oxygenated)to the heart, it has a thinner wall because there is less pressure to withstand.

Question 5

The vein has a thinner wall than the artery, causing it to be wider than a artery.

Why is this necessary?

Answer 5

(I’m not very sure about this..)

Many veins in our body have valves to ensure that the blood only returns to the heart.

Question 6

Name the four chambers of the human heart.

Answer 6

Right Atrium, Left Ventricle, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium.

Question 7

What is the main function of the Atria?

Answer 7

The atria receive blood from various parts of the body.

Question 8

What is the main function of the Ventricles?

Answer 8

The ventricles pump the blood to different parts of the body.

The RV to the lungs and the LV to the rest of the body.

Question 9

What is the largest artery in the circulatory system?

Answer 9

The largest artery is the aorta, which arises from the left part of the heart. It is approximately 2.5 cm in diameter.

Question 10

• What are the largest veins in the circulatory system?

Answer 10

The largest veins are the superior and inferior vena cava, both of which lead to the right side of the heart.

(* questions with answers not found in the book)

Question 11

The heart is protected by a sac of connective tissue.

What is it called?

Answer 11

It’s called the pericardium.

Question 12

• What do you call the smallest arteries that join the capillaries?

Answer 12

They are called Arterioles.

* questions with answers not found in the book

Question 13

• What do you call the smallest veins that join with the capillaries?

Answer 13

They are called venules.

Question 14

Why do veins have valves?

Answer 14

To prevent blood from flowing backwards.

Question 15

(Time for the douchebag question)

Enumerate the sequence of effects that a heartbeat consists of.

Answer 15

(According to the book, and some things I’ve known)

a. The RA contracts, followed by the LA. The blood passes on to the ventricles. The atria relax, allowing the blood to enter the heart, closing the valves between each chamber of the heart.
b. Next, both of the ventricles contract, and the blood passes on to the arteries.
c. Period of inactivity follows.

Extra Notes:
In a, the RA contains contains the deoxygenated blood (used by the body already), while the LA contains oxygenated blood (ready to be used).

In b, the RV pumps the blood to the lungs, so that the blood can receive the oxygen from there. The LV, meanwhile pumps the blood to the rest of the body, so it may be used.

Question 16

The whole blood consists more of ____________ than blood cells.

Answer 16

Plasma

Question 17

Why do RBC have short lives?

Answer 17

They do not had a nucleus, so they can’t repair themselves.

Question 18

What protein gives the RBC its color?

Answer 18

Hemoglobin.

Question 19

Where are RBC made?

Answer 19

They are made in the red marrow of flat bones and long bones.

Question 20

What certain protein do lymphocytes (a certain kind of WBC) produce?

Answer 20

They produce antibodies, which act against foreign substances.

Question 21

What do blood platelets do?

Answer 21

Blood platelets clot blood when it is needed. (Although sometimes even when it’s not.)

Question 22

Why can’t a person have the antibody against its own antigen?

Answer 22

He can’t because this will result into clumping of his RBC, clog his capillaries, would die.

Question 23

There are two kinds of circulations.

What do you call the one in which the blood goes to the lungs?

Answer 23

Pulmonary Circulation.

Question 24

There are two kinds of circulations.

What do you call the one in which the blood flows through the rest of the body?

Answer 24

Systemic Circulation.

Question 25

Blood palettes come form large cells called ________.

Answer 25

Megakaryocytes.

Question 26

A heart attack occurs when…?

Answer 26

The supply of blood to a part of the heart is completely cut off.

Question 27

Cardiac Arrythymia is characterized by…?

Answer 27

An abnormally high or low heart rate.

Question 28

High blood pressure often results from…?

Answer 28

Atherosclerosis (excessive build up of plaque)
and Arteriosclerosis (excessive fat deposits)

Question 29

When does Anemia occur?

Answer 29

Anemia occurs when the blood does not have enough RBC or is deficient in hemoglobin.

Question 30

Leukemia is a condition that starts from _________.

Answer 30

The bone marrow

Question 31

Leukemia is a condition described by excessive production of ___________.

Answer 31

White Blood Cells.