Chapter 1: Lesson 2 Flashcards
_____ are instruments used by scientists to make observations, take measurements, and conduct experiments. These instruments are grouped according to their use. Knowledge about these tools will help you conduct your own experiments in the near future.
Scientific tools
Human senses have limitations and cannot be completely relied on to provide accurate and precise information. Thus, you need to use specialized tools to extend the capability of your senses and improve your observations of objects that are extremely small or distant. Some of the common _____ are the telescope, magnifying glass, and microscope
observing tools
A ____ is an instrument used for viewing distant objects such as the moon and the stars.
telescope
The telescope is said to have been invented by ______ (1570-1619), who applied for a patent for the device in 1608. According to Lippershey, the device, which has a _____ aligned with a _____ can magnify distant objects three times. The telescope works by ____ the image of distant objects through the use of mirrors and lenses.
Hans Lippershey,
concave eyepiece,
convex objective lens,
magnifying
There are two types of telescopes. These are the _____ and the _______.
reflecting telescope,
refracting telescope
The _______ uses a parabolic mirror to collect and focus the parallel light rays coming from distant objects such as celestial objects.
reflecting telescope
The _____, on the other hand, uses lenses to gather more light than what can be absorbed by the human eye. These lenses are the objective lens and the eyepiece lens, which make objects from afar look brighter, clearer, and magnified.
refracting telescope
The magnifying glass or the _____ was invented by ____ (1214-1294), a lecturer at Oxford University in England.
handheld lens,
Sir Roger Bacon
It is a device that is used to view small or minuscule objects. Most _____ use _____ that allow light rays to bend toward the center of the lens. When the magnifying glass is placed close to an object, the object looks larger than what it appears to be to the human eye. The magnification of a magnifying glass is determined by its distance from the object being viewed.
magnifying glasses,
A ______, which is believed to have been invented by _____ and _____ (1585-1632), is a device that allows you to see enlarged images of very small objects.
microscope,
Hans Janssen,
Zacharias Janssen
Like the magnifying glass, the microscope makes use of ____. As you look through the eyepiece, the light from the object that you are looking at is bent or refracted toward your eye, making the object look bigger.
convex lenses
-There are different types of miroscopes. The most common of these is the _____.
-A _____ uses two convex lenses with short focal lengths. When you look into the eyepiece, you will see that the object is magnified and inverted at the same time.
-A ____ has a magnification of 1000x
compound microscope
A _____ is a lens that is thinner at the center.
A _____ is a lens that is thicker at the center.
concave lens,
convex lens
____
In baking, you need to use the exact amount of ingredients so that cakes and pastries turn out well. A slight difference in the measurement of the ingredients may result in products of different taste, color, texture, or fluffiness. The same is true in doing science experiments. You cannot just guess the amount of substances that you will mix or the measurements of the materials that you will prepare. The measurements have to be exact for you to get accurate results. To do this, you need to use standard measuring tools. The following are some common examples.
Measuring Tools
A ____ and a _____ are tools for measuring the lengths or widths of objects or the distance of one object to another. These measuring devices may be made of wood, metal, or plastic.
meterstick,
ruler
A _____ is used to measure the length or width of objects, such as your classroom or the school’s court, and long distances such as that between the ends of a basketball court. One side of the ____ has gradations of up to 100 centimeters, whereas the other side has gradations of up to 39 inches.
meterstick
Meanwhile, a ____ is used to measure the length or width of objects, such as a book or a chopping board, and short distances such as the distance between the ends of an eraser. One side of the ___ has gradations of up to 30 centimeters, whereas the other side has gradations of up to 12 inches
ruler
Do you know that ancient Egyptians used their body parts as measuring tools? An example of this is the ___, which is the length of the arm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger of an average person.
You sent
cubit
_____ are objects that are usually made of glass and are used in scientific laboratories.
Laboratory glassware
Examples of glassware used for measuring substances are ____, which are also used for mixing and trans- porting fluids, heating fluids over an open flame, and containing chemicals during a reaction. ____ are tall, narrow containers that are used for measuring the volume of liquida.
beakers,
Graduated cylinders
Most glassware used in laboratories are made of ___ glass, which can hold chemicals while being heated over a flame. This type of glas scan also contain acidic or corrosive chemicals. However, glassware are fragile and break easily and thus should be handled carefully.
borosilicate
A ____ is an instrument that measures temperature. Temperature is the measure of hotness or coldness of a substance or object.
thermometer,
There are several types of thermometers. One is the ____, which is commonly used for science experiments. _____ may particularly filled by either mercury or alcohol. However, for the past several years, mercury has no longer been in use in thermometers because the substance has been found to be ____.
laboratory thermometer,
toxic
How does a thermometer work? When the glass tube is immersed in a liquid of unknown temperature, it ___ the heat from the liquid and ___ it to the substance inside the thermometer. The substance then rises or drops depending on the temperature of the liquid.
absorbs,
transmits
