Chapter 1: Kinetic Particle Theory

Question 1

What are the properties of a solid, liquid, gas

Answer 1

Solid: Fixed shape, fixed volume, cannot be compressed
Liquid: No fixed shape, fixed volume, cannot be compressed
Gas: No fixed shape and volume, cannot be compressed

Question 2

Describe a solid based on arrangement, movement, forces of attraction, and kinetic energy of particles

Answer 2

Arrangement: Closely packed together in an orderly manner
Movement: Vibrate about in fixed positions
Forces of attraction: Very strong
Kinetic energy: Low

Question 3

Describe a liquid based on arrangement, movement, forces of attraction, and kinetic energy of parties

Answer 3

Arrangement: Closely packed together but in a disorderly manner
Movement: Slide past each other
Forces of attraction: Strong but weaker than solids
Kinetic energy: more than solids

Question 4

Describe a gas based on its arrangement, movement, forces of attraction, kinetic energy

Answer 4

Arrangement: Very far apart
Movement: Move rapidly and random at high speeds in all directions
Forces of attraction: Very weak
Kinetic energy: A lot

Question 5

Explain why a solid has a fixed shape and a fixed volume

Answer 5

Fixed shape :
- Solids are held together by strong forces of attraction
- They vibrate about in fixed positions
- Cannot move freely

Fixed volume :
- Solids are held closely packed together and hence cannot be compressed

Question 6

Explain why a liquid does not have a fixed shape and have a fixed volume

Answer 6

Fixed shape :
- A liquid is arranged in a disorderly manner
- Have weaker forces of attraction
- Can move freely throughout the liquid

Fixed volume :
- Liquids are still closely packed together and hence cannot be compressed

Question 7

Explain why a gas does not have a fixed shape and fixed volume

Answer 7

Fixed shape :
- Gas are spread far apart from one another
- Have the weakest forces of attraction
- Have a lot of kinetic energy
- Can move about rapidly in any direction

Fixed volume :
- Particles in gas are spread far apart from one another. Thus, there is space for particles to be compressed

Question 8

Explain the melting process
1. Temp increasing
2. Temp remaining constant
3. Temp increasing again

Answer 8

1. As the solid melts, the particles gain kinetic energy. Temp increases until it reaches melting point at point _
2. Melting occurs at fixed temp. Energy from heating is used to overcome forces of attraction between particles
3. At point _, all the solid has melted / became liquid. Temp continues to increases with further heating

Question 9

Explain freezing
1. Temp decreasing
2. Temp remains constant
3. Temp decreasing

Answer 9

1. The particles in liquid loses kinetic energy. The temp drops until freezing point at point _
2. Temperature remains constant even as cooling continues as heat energy is released for particles to attract each other to become a solid
3. At point _, all the liquid is frozen. Temp continues to drop with further cooling

Question 10

Explain boiling
1. Temp increasing
2. Temp remains constant

Answer 10

1. Particles in liquid gains kinetic energy. Temp increases until it reaches boiling point at point _
2. Temperature remains constant as heat energy is used to overcome forces of attraction between particles. Temperature remains constant until all the liquid has boiled off