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MCAT physics and math > Chapter 1 Kinematics and Dynamics > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Kinematics and Dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Force equation

A

Newton (Kg x m)/s^2

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2
Q

Work and energy

A

Joule (kg x m^2)/s^2

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3
Q

Power

A

watt (kg x m^2)/s^3

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4
Q

1 nanometer = how many meters

A

1 nm = 10^-9 m

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5
Q

1 eV = how many joules

A

1 eV = 1.6 x 10^-19 J

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6
Q

What is a vector

A
  • magnitude and direction
  • displacement, velocity, acceleration, force
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7
Q

What is a scalar

A
  • numbers that have magnitude only, no direction
  • distance, speed, energy, pressure, mass
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8
Q

resultant

A
  • sum/difference of two or more vectors
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9
Q

tip-to-tail method

A
  • used when finding the resultant of two vectors…
    ex: vectors A and B… place the tail of B at the tip of A without changing either the length or direction of either arrow
  • lengths of arrows are proportional to magnitudes of vectors
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10
Q

x and y method

A
  • break vector into perpendicular components
  • horizontal and vertical
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11
Q

Draw x and y method example + equations

A

–

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12
Q

how can you find the magnitude of V if X and Y are given

A
  • use pythagorean theorem
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13
Q

pythagorean theorem

A

X^2 + Y^2 = V^2

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14
Q

Steps to find resultant using the components method:

A
  1. resolve vectors to be added into their x and y components
  2. add the x components to get the x-component of the resultant. Do the same for Y
  3. Find the magnitude of the resultant by using the pythagorean theorem
  4. Find the direction (theta) of resultant by using the tan relationship
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15
Q

Vector subtraction

A
  • add a vector with equal magnitude, but opposite direction, to first vector
  • A - B = A + (-B)
  • -B represents vector with same magnitude as B, in opposite direction
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16
Q

Vector multiplication by a scalar

A
  • magnitude of vector changes by multiplied by a scalar
  • ex: vector A x scalar value n creates vector B
  • B = nA
  • find magnitude of B… multiply magnitude of A by absolute of n
  • n = +, same direction
  • n = - , opposite direction
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17
Q

To generate scalar quantity of work

A
  • multiply magnitudes of two vectors of interest (force and displacement) and the cosine of the angle between the two vectors
  • known as the dot product ( A * B)
18
Q

To generate a third vector like torque

A
  • generating a third vector like torque, determine magnitude and direction
  • multiply the magnitudes of the two vectors of interest (force and lever arm) and the sine of the angle between the two vectors
  • use the right hand rule to determine its direction
  • known as the cross product ( A x B)
19
Q

How to determine the cross product resultant vector

A
  • right hand rule
  • ex: C = A X B
    practice this rule
  • point thumb in direction of vector A
  • extend fingers in direction of vector B
  • palm establishes the plane between the two vectors… direction of palm pointing = direction of resultant C
20
Q

Velocity

A
  • vector…
  • magnitude measured as the rate of change of displacement in a given unit of time, m/s
  • v = x/t
21
Q

speed

A
  • rate of actual distance traveled in a given unit of time
22
Q

Force definition

A
  • vector quantity that is experiences as pushing or pulling on objects
23
Q

Gravitational force

A

Fg = Gm1m2 / r^2
- G = gravitational constant
(6.67 x 10^-11 )(N * m^2) / kg^2))
- m1,m2 = masses of two objects
- r = distance between their centers of mass

24
Q

Mass of a proton

A

1.67 x 10^-27 kg

25
Q

mass of an electron

A

9.11 x 10^-31 kg

26
Q

Static friction

A
  • exist between stationary object and the surface upon which it rests
27
Q

Kinetic friction

A
  • sliding object and the surface over which the object slides
28
Q

How to measure magnitude of kinetic friction

A

fk = uk x N
uk = coefficient of kinetic friction
N = normal force

29
Q

mass and weight relationship

A

Fg = mg
Fg = weight of the object
m = mass
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8)

30
Q

center of mass equation

A

x = (m1x1 + m2x2 + m3x3…) / m1+m2+m3
repeat for y and z…
- m1,m2,m3 are three sample masses
- x,y,z = coordinates

31
Q

Acceleration

A
  • rate of change of velocity that an object experiences are the result of a force
  • v/t
32
Q

Newtons first law

A

Fnet = ma = 0
- Fnet is the net force, m is the mass and a is the acceleration
- a body either at rest or in motion with constant velocity will remain that way unless a net force acts. upon it (law of inertia)

33
Q

Newtons second law

A

Fnet = ma
- object of mass m will accelerate when the vector sum of the forces results in some nonzero resultant force vector

34
Q

Newtons third law

A
  • F_AB = - F_BA
  • to every action there is an opposed but equal reaction
35
Q

Linear motion

A
  • objects velocity and acceleration along same line of motion so the pathway of the moving object continues along a straight line
36
Q

Equations for falling objects exhibiting linear motion with constant acceleration:

A
  • v = v0 +at
  • x = v0t +((at^2)/2)
  • v^2 = v0^2 + 2ax
  • x= v(line)t
    x, displacement… v, velocity… a, acceleration…
37
Q

Air resistance

A
  • value increases as speed of the object increases
  • object in free fall will experience drag force
  • drag force will become equal in magnitude to the weight of the object, and object will fall with constant velocity (terminal velocity)
38
Q

Projectile motion

A
  • follows a path along two dimensions
  • Vy changes at the rate of g, Vx will remain constant
39
Q

Inclined planed

A
  • divide force vectors into components that are parallel and perpendicular
  • Fg, II = mg sin
  • Fg, I = mg cos

Fg, II is component of gravity parallel to the plane (orients down the plane)
Fg, I is the component of gravity perpendicular to the plane (oriented into the plane)

40
Q

Circular motion

A
  • instantaneous velocity vector is always tangent to the circular path
  • Fc = mv^2 / r
  • Fc is magnitude of centripetal force…. m is the mass… v is the speed… r is the radius of the circular path
41
Q

translational equilibrium

A
  • exists only when the vector sum of all of the forces acting on an object is zero
  • will have constant speed and constant direction
42
Q

Equation for torque

A
  • cross product
  • torque = r x F = rF sin theta
    r = length of lever arm, f = magnitude of the force, theta = angle between lever arm and force vectors

MCAT physics and math (2 decks)

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