Chapter 1 Key Terms Flashcards
Anarchism
a political theory holding all forms of governmental authority to be unnecessary and undesirable and advocating a society based on voluntary cooperation and free association of individuals and groups
Anti-Semitism
hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a religious or racial group
Autocracy
form of government in which a country is ruled by a person or group with absolute power
Capitalism
an economic system in which strafe, industry, and the means of production are largely or entirely privately owned and operated for profit. Central characteristics of Capitalism include the accumulation of capital (wealth), free enterprise markets and wage labor
Democracy
a form of government in which supreme power and civic responsibility are exercised by all adult citizens directly, or through their freely elected representatives
Imperialism
the deliberate attempt by the people of one country to extend their rule over the people of other areas against their wishes. Motivations include: new markets to sell goods, search for more resources, and expand power
Industrialization
the process in which a society or country transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on he manufacturing of goods and services. Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production and craftsmen are replaced by assembly lines.
Liberalism
- a view of society emphasizing individuals (not classes) and their rights to freedom of political, religious, intellectual and artistic expression
- incorporates the goals of parliamentary democracy and a free enterprise economy
Nationalism
an intense feeling of pride and loyalty to ones nation with the belief that it is better and more important than others. can become destructive.
Pan-Nationalism
a form of nationalism distinguished by being associated with a claimed national territory that does not correspond to existing political boundaries. defines the nation as a “cluster” of supposedly related ethnic or cultural groups.
Self-Determination
the right of nations to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no external manipulation or interference.
Sectarianism
the view that one religious belief has superiority over others that are perceived as being inferior to it
Trade Unionism
the development of worker power through the formation of groups that represent them and fight for their interests
Socialism
a social and economic system promoting the peoples’ ownership of a nation’s resources and the redistribution of wealth. “people’s ownership” may refer to cooperative enterprises, common ownership, state ownership, citizen ownership of equity, or any combination of these.
Traditional Diplomacy
the art and practice of conducting negotiations and maintaining international relations between representatives of different nations. Refers to government directed activities with a high degree of protocol, led by foreign ministers and later ambassadors who staff resident embassies in foreign nations
