Chapter 1: Introduction to the Human Body Flashcards
Which subdivision of anatomy would include the study of individual cells?
Microscopic anatomy
Function of the integumentary system
Encloses internal body structure.
Site of many sensory receptors.
Prevents water loss, entry of germs into the body and synthesizes vitamin D.
Function of the skeletal system
Provides a rigid framework to support the body.
Stores minerals.
Enables movement (w/ muscular system).
Function of the muscular system
Enables movement (w/ skeletal system) by providing force to move bones about their joints. Helps maintain body temperature.
Function of the nervous system
Detects and processes sensory information by transmitting electrical impulses, which activates body response.
Function of the endocrine system
Secretes hormones to regulate body processes.
Function of the cardiovascular system
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues.
Equalizes temperature in the body.
Function of the lymphatic system
Returns fluids to blood.
Defends against pathogens.
Function of the respiratory system
Removes carbon dioxide from the body.
Delivers oxygen to the blood.
Function of the digestive system
Processes food for use by the body.
Removes the waste from indigestion food.
Function of the urinary system
Controls water balance in the body.
Removes waste from blood and excretes them.
Function of the male reproductive system
Produces sex hormones and gametes.
Delivers gametes to females.
Function of the female reproductive system
Produces sex hormones and gametes.
Supports embryo/fetus until birth.
Produces milk for infant.
Anabolism
Is the process whereby smaller, simpler molecules are are combined into larger, more complex substances (processes that require energy).
Catabolism
Is the process by which larger more complex substances are broken down into smaller simpler molecules (processes release energy and create smaller molecules to assemble structures/substances needed for life).
Responsiveness
Is the ability of an organism to adjust to changes in its internal and external environments (I.e. sweating/dilation of blood vessels).
Development and Differentiation
Is all the changes the body goes through in life, in which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function to perform certain tasks in the body.
Growth
Is the increase in body size by increasing the number of existing cells, increasing the amount of non-cellular material around cells, and increasing the size of existing cells (within narrow limits).
Reproduction
Is the formation of a new organism from parent organisms.
The four requirements for human life
Oxygen, nutrients, temperature, atmospheric pressure.
Anatomical Position
Is that of the body standing upright, with the feet shoulder width and parallel, toes forward.
Upper limbs are held out to each side, palms of the hands facing forward.
