Chapter 1: Introduction to the Human Body

Question 1

Which subdivision of anatomy would include the study of individual cells?

Answer 1

Microscopic anatomy

Question 2

Function of the integumentary system

Answer 2

Encloses internal body structure.
Site of many sensory receptors.
Prevents water loss, entry of germs into the body and synthesizes vitamin D.

Question 3

Function of the skeletal system

Answer 3

Provides a rigid framework to support the body.
Stores minerals.
Enables movement (w/ muscular system).

Question 4

Function of the muscular system

Answer 4

Enables movement (w/ skeletal system) by providing force to move bones about their joints.
Helps maintain body temperature.

Question 5

Function of the nervous system

Answer 5

Detects and processes sensory information by transmitting electrical impulses, which activates body response.

Question 6

Function of the endocrine system

Answer 6

Secretes hormones to regulate body processes.

Question 7

Function of the cardiovascular system

Answer 7

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues.

Equalizes temperature in the body.

Question 8

Function of the lymphatic system

Answer 8

Returns fluids to blood.

Defends against pathogens.

Question 9

Function of the respiratory system

Answer 9

Removes carbon dioxide from the body.

Delivers oxygen to the blood.

Question 10

Function of the digestive system

Answer 10

Processes food for use by the body.

Removes the waste from indigestion food.

Question 11

Function of the urinary system

Answer 11

Controls water balance in the body.

Removes waste from blood and excretes them.

Question 12

Function of the male reproductive system

Answer 12

Produces sex hormones and gametes.

Delivers gametes to females.

Question 13

Function of the female reproductive system

Answer 13

Produces sex hormones and gametes.
Supports embryo/fetus until birth.
Produces milk for infant.

Question 14

Anabolism

Answer 14

Is the process whereby smaller, simpler molecules are are combined into larger, more complex substances (processes that require energy).

Question 15

Catabolism

Answer 15

Is the process by which larger more complex substances are broken down into smaller simpler molecules (processes release energy and create smaller molecules to assemble structures/substances needed for life).

Question 16

Responsiveness

Answer 16

Is the ability of an organism to adjust to changes in its internal and external environments (I.e. sweating/dilation of blood vessels).

Question 17

Development and Differentiation

Answer 17

Is all the changes the body goes through in life, in which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function to perform certain tasks in the body.

Question 18

Growth

Answer 18

Is the increase in body size by increasing the number of existing cells, increasing the amount of non-cellular material around cells, and increasing the size of existing cells (within narrow limits).

Question 19

Reproduction

Answer 19

Is the formation of a new organism from parent organisms.

Question 20

The four requirements for human life

Answer 20

Oxygen, nutrients, temperature, atmospheric pressure.

Question 21

Anatomical Position

Answer 21

Is that of the body standing upright, with the feet shoulder width and parallel, toes forward.
Upper limbs are held out to each side, palms of the hands facing forward.