Chapter 1 | Introduction to Psychology Important People + Beliefs

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

Answer 1

The founder of psychology as a scientific study. Brought about the movement of Structuralism to psychology

Question 2

Wundt’s Goal of Psychology

Answer 2

To identify the components of consciousness and how those components result int he conscious experience

Question 3

Voluntarism

Answer 3

A philosophical belief that humans possess free will and should know if they are participating in an experiment

Question 4

Structuralism

Answer 4

A school of psychology that aimed to identify the contents of mental processes (components) rather than the processes’ function (whole).

Question 5

William James (1842-1910)

Answer 5

The first American psychologist who introduced Darwinian concepts to the study of psychology

Question 6

James’ Goal of Psychology

Answer 6

To examine the mind in its whole, rather than focusing on individual components

Question 7

Functionalism

Answer 7

A school of psychology focused on how certain mental activities help an organism fit into its environment

Question 8

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Answer 8

An Austrian neurologist who founded the school of psychoanalysis within the study of psychology

Question 9

Freud’s Goal of Psychology

Answer 9

To examine the role of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences in the human mind

Question 10

Max Wertheimer (1880-1943), Kurt Koffka (1886-1941), and Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967)

Answer 10

Three German psychologists who immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, bringing with them the Gestalt principles of psychology

Question 11

Gestalt Goal of Psychology

Answer 11

To examine how the components of the human mind relate to the whole and how the components result in a objectively unique whole

Question 12

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 12

A school of psychology concerned with the sensory experience and how they innately relate back to the whole mind, and how the mind perceives and processes that relation

Question 13

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

Answer 13

A Russian physiologist famous for his research into conditioned and learned behaviors.

Question 14

John B. Watson (1878-1958)

Answer 14

An American psychologist whose work centered on understanding observable behavior and controlling said behavior

Question 15

B.F Skinner (1904-1990)

Answer 15

An American psychologist who focused on the nature of consequences, particularly reinforcement and punishment, on behavior

Question 16

Goals of Behaviorism

Answer 16

To study observable behavior, in particular learning behavior and inborn qualities

Question 17

Behaviorism

Answer 17

A school of psychology that shifted the focus from the subjective unconscious to the objective and observable behavior of organisms

Question 18

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

Answer 18

An American psychologist famous of developing a hierarchy of human needs in terms of motivating behavior

Question 19

Carl Rogers (1902-1987)

Answer 19

An American psychologist who emphasized the role of the patient over the clinician in the context of psychological therapies

Question 20

Goals of Humanism

Answer 20

To forgo the previously deterministic nature of psychology in favor of a more empathetic approach

Question 21

Humanism

Answer 21

A school of psychology focused on the potential of innate good in humans and personal autonomy

Question 22

Noam Chomsky

Answer 22

American linguist who influenced the growth of cognitive science and psychology