Chapter 1: Introduction To Preliminary Diagnosis Of Oral Lesions

Question 1

Bulla

Answer 1

A circumscribed elevated lesion that is more than 5 mm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid, and looks like a blister.

Question 2

Lobule

Answer 2

A segment or lobe that is part of a whole; these lobes sometimes appear fused together.

Question 3

Macule

Answer 3

An area that is usually distinguished by a color different from that of the surrounding tissue; it is flat and does not protrude above the surfaces of the normal tissue. Ex. A freckle.

Question 4

Nodule

Answer 4

A palpable solid lesion up to or greater than 1 cm in diameter found in soft tissue; it can occur above, level with, or beneath the skin surface.

Question 5

Papule

Answer 5

A small, circumscribed lesion usually less than 1 cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above the surface of the normal surrounding tissue.

Question 6

Pedunculated

Answer 6

Attached by a stemlike or stalklike base similar to that of a mushroom.

Question 7

Pustules

Answer 7

Variously sized circumscribed elevations containing pus.

Question 8

Sessile

Answer 8

Describing the base of a lesion that is flat or broad instead of stemlike.

Question 9

Vesicles

Answer 9

A small, elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter that contains serous fluid.

Question 10

Name the clinical appearance of soft tissue lesions…

Answer 10

Bulla, vesicle
Nodule, papule
Pedunculated, sessile
Lobule
Macule, Pustules

Question 11

Palpation

Answer 11

The evaluation of a lesion by feeling it with the fingers to determine the texture of the area; the descriptive terms for palpation are soft, firm, semifirm, and fluid filled; these terms also describe the consistency of a lesion.

Question 12

Colors

Answer 12

Red, pink, salmon, white, blue-black, gray, brown, and black are the colors used most frequently to describe oral lesions; they can be used to identify specific lesions and may also be incorporated into general descriptions.

Question 13

Erythema

Answer 13

An abnormal redness of the mucosa or gingiva.

Question 14

Erythroplakia

Answer 14

A clinical term used to describe an oral mucosal lesion that appears as a smooth red patch or granular, red, and velvety patch and cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease.

Question 15

Leukoplakia

Answer 15

A clinical term for a white patch or plaque-like lesion on the oral mucosa that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease.

Question 16

Pallor

Answer 16

Paleness of the skin or mucosal tissues.

Question 17

Term used to describe soft tissue consistency?

Answer 17

Palpation - soft, semi-firm, firm, fluid-filled.

Question 18

Name the colors of lesions…

Answer 18

colors, erythema, erythoplakia, leukoplakia, and pallor

Question 19

Centimeter (cm)

Answer 19

One-hundredth of a meter (less than one-half inch). If lesion is 3 cm in size = it is about one and one-half inches.

Question 20

Millimeter (mm)

Answer 20

One-thousandth of a meter (meter = 39.3 inches). Use a periodontal probe to get mm.

Question 21

Name the sizes of lesions…

Answer 21

Centimeters and Millimeters

Question 22

Corrugated

Answer 22

Wrinkled

Question 23

Fissure

Answer 23

A cleft or groove, normal or otherwise, showing prominent depth.

Question 24

Papillary

Answer 24

Resembling small, finger-like projections or elevations found in clusters.

Question 25

Verrucous

Answer 25

Warty, often rough surface

Question 26

Name surface textures….

Answer 26

Corrugated, fissure, papillary, and verrucous

Question 27

Coalescence

Answer 27

The process by which parts of a whole join together, or fuse, to make one.

Question 28

Diffuse

Answer 28

Describes a lesion with borders that are not well defined, making it impossible to detect the exact parameters of the lesion; this may make treatment more difficult and depending on the biopsy results, more radical.

Question 29

Multiocular

Answer 29

Describes a lesion that extends beyond the confines of one distinct area and is defined as many lobes or parts that are somewhat fused together, making up the entire lesion; radiolucency resembles soap bubbles. Ex. odontogenic keratocyst.

Question 30

Radiolucent

Answer 30

Describes black or dark areas on radiograph. Radiant energy passes through these structures = less dense tissue like pulp appear as radiolucent structures.

Question 31

Radiolucent and radiopaque

Answer 31

Used to describe a mixture of light and dark areas within a lesion, usually denoting stage in development of lesion. Stage 1 Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (cementoma) the lesion is radiolucent and in stage 2 it is radiolucent and radiopaque.

Question 32

Radiopaque

Answer 32

Describes light or white areas on a radiograph that results from inability of radiant energy to pass through structure = denser the structure, lighter more whiter on the radiograph.

Question 33

Root resorption

Answer 33

Observed radiographically when the apex of the tooth appears shortened or blunted and irregularly shaped; occurs as a response to stimuli, which can include a cyst, tumor, or trauma; ( ex rapid ortho procedure )

Question 34

Scalloping around the root

Answer 34

A radiolucent lesion that extends between the roots , as seen in a traumatic bone cyst; this lesion appears to extend up the periodontal ligament

Question 35

Uniocular

Answer 35

Having one compartment or unit that is well defined or outlined, as in a simple radicular cyst

Question 36

Well-circumscribed

Answer 36

Term used to describe a lesion with borders that are specifically defined and in which one can clearly see the exact margins and extent.

Question 37

Name radiographic terms used to describe lesions in a bone…

Answer 37

Coalescence, diffuse, multilocular, radiolucent, radiolucent and radiopaque, radiopaque, root resorption, scalloping around the root, uniocular, and well circumscribed

Question 38

Anomaly

Answer 38

Something that deviates from what is standard or normal.

Question 39

Dysphasia

Answer 39

Difficulty swallowing

Question 40

Dysphonia

Answer 40

Difficulty speaking

Question 41

Dyspnea

Answer 41

Difficulty breathing