Chapter 1 (Introduction to Physiology) Flashcards
-What is Physiology -Levels of organization in our body -What is Internal Environment -What is Homeostasis -Control systems and Homeostasis
Define Physiology
Study of the NORMAL FUNCTIONING of LIVING organism and its COMPONENT PARTS
What is the smallest unit of structure who is capable of carrying out all life processes?
Cell
Organization of life:
Give it in ascendent order
-molecules
-cells
-organisms
-tissues
-organs
-atoms
-organ systems
atoms<molecules<cells<tissues<organs<organ systems<organisms
What are the organization of life features? (4)
Complex, metabolism, adaptation, reproduction
Define tissue and its types
Def: group of cells who have similar structures and functions
Types: Connective (supporting tissues–>proper (e.g. membranes and filament) and specialized (e.g. blood)), epithelial (organs), muscles (contractions), nervous (neurones)
Which levels of organization belong to physiology?
Molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms and populations of one species
Define organs
Group tissues performing specific task (different type of tissues)
Define organ systems
Different organs that work together
What is integration and what field of study use it?
Def: different organs and tissues need to work TOGETHER
Related field of study: organs and organ systems
Give me the ten organ systems’ names
Circulatory, digestive, endrocrine, immune, integumentary, skin, musculosketal, nervous, reproductive, respiratory and urinary
What are the functions of the circulatory system and give the organs that are involved in it
Function: Transportof materials btwn all c of body
organs: heart, blood vessels, blood
What are the functions of the digestive system and give the organs that are involved in it
Function: Conversion of food into particles that can be transported into body and eleimation of some wastes
organs: stomach, intestine, liver and pancreas
What are the functions of the endocrine system and give the organs that are involved in it
Function: coordination of body function trhough synthesis and release of regulatory molecules
Organs: thyroid gland and adrenal gland
What are the functions of the immune system and give the organs that are involved in it
Function: Defense against foreign invaders
Organs: thymus, spleen and invaders
What are the functions of the integumentary system and give the organs that are involved in it
Function: Portection from external env.
Includes:skin
What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system and give the organs that are involved in it
Function: support and mvt
Includes: skeletal muscles and bone
What are the functions of the nervous system and give the organs that are involved in it
Function: coordination of body function trhough electrical signals and release of regulatory molecules
Includes: brain, spinal cord
What are the functions of the reproductive system and give the organs that are involved in it
Function: Perputation of the species
organs: ovaries, uterus and testes
What are the functions of the respiratory system and give the organs that are involved in it
Function: Exchange of O2 and CO2 btwn the internal and external env.
Includes: lungs and airways
What are the functions of the urinary system and give the organs that are involved in it
Function: Maintenance of H2O and solutes in internal env. waste removal
Includes: kidneys, bladder
Exam question
Define homeostasis
Maintenance of RELATIVELY stable INTERNAL envrionment
How homeostasis is achieved?
regulation!
What are the homeostasis critical variables?
-Env. factors affecting c
-Mateirals for c neds
-Factors c use to communicate with one another
Does the body temparature always be 37 Celsisus degree?
False
True or false
Homeostasis is regulayed within a single value
False! It is within a range of values
What is the Body’s Internal Environment?
-Extracellular fluid (EFC):
