Chapter 1: Introduction To Networking Flashcards
What are the layers of TCP/IP
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
What documents does TCP/IP use to define a protocol?
Requests for Comments
A networking model is a…
Set of documents
What was the other competing standard that lost to TCP/IP?
OSI: Open Systems Interconnection
Who made OSI and who made TCP/IP?
OSI was created by ISO. TCP/IP was funded by the DoD via DARPA, researched and developed by various universities.
What does URL and URI mean?
Uniform Resource Locators
Universal Resource Identifiers
What do protocols place in a header?
Information used by that protocol.
Can an HTTP server response contain no header (in the application layer)?
Yes, no header saves on the data size.
What are TCP & UDP?
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
UDP: User Datagram Protocol
TCP sequence headers doing the error checking for the application layer is an example of something called…
Adjacent-layer interaction
What is a packet?
A packet is a Layer 3 PDU: it’s in the networking layer and begins with a networking layer protocol header (IP).
What is encapsulation and de-encapsulation?
Encapsulation takes data from a higher layer and wraps the appropriate protocol header around it. De-encapsulation does the opposite.
What is a segment?
A segment is a Layer 4 PDU: it’s in the transport layer and wraps the appropriate header around the data (likely TCP).
What is a PDU?
Protocol Data Unit: originally came from the OSI model and refers to the appropriate data unit of a corresponding layer.
What is a frame?
It’s a Layer 2, Data-Link PDU.
