Chapter 1: Introduction to Disease

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Stable internal environment in changing external environment. An example would be that our bodies maintain a 98 degree temperature in a hot or cold room.

Question 2

Disease

Answer 2

Deviation from homeostasis

Question 3

Pathology

Answer 3

Path: disease
Ology: study of
Study of structural and forensic changes caused by disease.

Question 4

Signs

Example

Answer 4

Something observable. An example would be a doctor recording your vitals.

Question 5

Symptoms

Example

Answer 5

May not have signs and cannot see. An example would be abdominal pain or a headache. The patient feels it, but no one can see it occurring.

Question 6

Syndrome

Example

Answer 6

Collection of sings and symptoms. An example would be HIV/AIDS.

Question 7

Disorder

Example

Answer 7

Not linked to a cause. An example would be autism or ADHD.

Question 8

Physical Exam

Answer 8

Given by doctor or medical professional. They observe you to make sure you are healthy. They would take vitals, look at posture, coloring, etc.

Question 9

Palpation

Answer 9

‘Palp’ is so intense you can feel it. Applying pressure to observe patient’s reaction and look for indications.

Question 10

Auscultation

Answer 10

Listening. Stethoscope would be an example.

Question 11

Percussion

Answer 11

Tapping. Medical professionals can tell the size of organs, fluids, etc.

Question 12

Electrocardiography (ECG)

Answer 12

reads the heart’s electrical impulses

Question 13

Radiography

Answer 13

X-Rays to visualize internal structures

Question 14

Computed Tomography (CT)

Answer 14

Scan uses computers and x-rays to create 3D images of internal structures

Question 15

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 15

Analyzes tissue responses to a strong magnetic field to create images of internal structures

Question 16

Ultrasound

Answer 16

Analyzes the interaction of low-frequency sound waves with tissues to create moving images of internal structures

Question 17

Nuclear Medicine

Answer 17

Uses radioactive materials to create contrast in the body and help form images of the structure and function of organs

Question 18

Prognosis

Answer 18

Predicted course and outcome. May state the chances for complete recovery, predict the permanent loss of function, or probability of survival.

Question 19

Acute

Answer 19

Type of disease that has sudden onset and short duration. Example would be influenza

Question 20

Terminal

Answer 20

Diseases that end in death

Question 21

Chronic

Answer 21

Disease that has slower, less severe onset and long duration. Example would be cancer, diabetes, and arthritis.

Question 22

Remission

Answer 22

Period of time which signs and symptoms subside or disappear. Not considered a cure.

Question 23

Exacerbation

Answer 23

Period of chronic disease when signs and symptoms recur in all their severity.

Question 24

Relapse

Answer 24

Return of a disease

Question 25

Complication

Answer 25

Conditions that develop in a patient already suffering from a disease

Question 26

Sequelae

Answer 26

Aftermath of a particular disease

Question 27

Mortality

Answer 27

Number of deaths attributed to a disease in a given time or place

Question 28

Morbidity

Answer 28

Incidence of disease, frequency

Question 29

Incidence

Answer 29

Rate of occurrence of new cases

Question 30

Prevalence

Answer 30

Percentage of population that is affected with a particular disease at a given time

Question 31

Epidemiology

Answer 31

Study of the occurrence, transmission, and control of diseases

Question 32

Etiology

Answer 32

Cause of a disease

Question 33

Pathogenesis

Answer 33

Source or cause of an illness or abnormal condition and its development

Question 34

Idiopathic

Answer 34

Describes a disease for which the cause is not known

Question 35

Heredity

Example

Answer 35

Abnormality in an individual’s genes or chromosomes.

Ex: Hemophilia and Cystic Fibrosis

Question 36

Congenital

Example

Answer 36

Exist at or date from birth. From hereditary or development in uterus.
Ex: Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 37

Degenerative

Example

Answer 37

Function of structure of the affected tissues or organs progressively deteriorates over time.
Ex: Osteoarthritis

Question 38

Inflammatory

Example

Answer 38

Autoimmune and allergic. Result of abdominal immune infection.
Ex: Asthma

Question 39

What are three infectious diseases?

Answer 39

TB, influenza, and syphilis

Question 40

Neoplastic

Example

Answer 40

Result from abnormal growth that leads to the formation of tumors.
Ex: Lung cancer

Question 41

Metabolic

Example

Answer 41

Disruption of normal metabolism, the process of converting food to energy on a cellular level
Ex: diabetes

Question 42

Traumatic

Example

Answer 42

Physical or chemical injury

Ex: burns or fracture

Question 43

Nutritional

Example

Answer 43

Over or under consumption of nutrients

Ex: Obesity

Question 44

What are the five risk factors?

Answer 44

1. Environmental
2. Chemical
3. Physiological
4. Psychological
5. Genetic

Question 45

How do you maintain health and prevent disease?

Answer 45

be physically active, eat wisely, maintain a healthy weight, be tobacco free, limit alcohol, screening tests and immunizations, and manage stress.

Question 46

Palliative

Example

Answer 46

Provide comfort and be pain free

Ex: Hospice, terminal cancer, and common cold.

Question 47

Pharmacologic

Example

Answer 47

Drugs.

Ex: Antibiotics kill bacteria

Question 48

Surgical

Example

Answer 48

Correct anatomical and physiological abnormalities.

Ex: remove tumor

Question 49

Psychiatric/Psychological

Example

Answer 49

Mental disorders.

Ex: anxiety and depression