CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER Flashcards
WHAT IS A COMPUTER
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions that can accept data,process the data according to specified rules,produce and store results or information for further use
WHAT IS DATA AND INFORMATION
- Computers process data (input) into information (output)
- Data is a collection of unprocessed items which include text, numbers, audio and video
- Information is a processed data that meaning and is useful
WHAT IS THE FLOW OF DATA AND INFORMATION
DATA -> INPUT PROCESS >STORAGE > INFORMATION
6 digit pin - > verify pin > data, time , account numbrt, cash , receipt
WHAT ARE THE 5 COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
Hardware Components ;
1. Input Devices
2. Output Devices
3. System Unit
4. Storage Devices
5. Communication Devices
DEFINE INPUT DEVICES and EXAMPLES
Hardware components that allow you to enter data/instruction into computer
- Keyboard,Mouse
DEFINE OUTPUT DEVICE and EXAMPLES
Hardware components that conveys info to one or more people
- Printer, Monitor,Speaker
DEFINE SYSTEM UNIT and EXAMPLES
Box Like Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data
- Motherboard, Graphic Card, RAM
DEFINE STORAGE DEVICE and EXAMPLES
Device that records and retrieves items to and from storage media
- USB Flash Drives, Hard Dick
DEFINE COMMUNICATIONS DEVICE and EXAMPLES
Hardware components that enables a computer to send and receive data,instructions and info to and from another computer
- Modem, USB Broadband
5 COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS
COMMUNICATION DEVICE
^
INPUT DEVICES > SYSTEM UNIT > OUTPUT DEVICES
v
STORAGE DEVICE
5 ADVANTAGES OF USING A COMPUTER
- SPEED - Computers can perform countless operations per second
- RELIABILITY - The electronic components in modern computers are dependable and reliable because they have low failure rate
- CONSISTENCY- Produce consistent result. Given the same in put and process, will produce the same result
- STORAGE- Computer store huge amounts of data and make this data available for processing anytime it is needed
- COMMUNICATION - Communication is the exchanged of data/info between 2 parties. When computers are connected to each other, they can share data, information and info
5 DISADVANTAGES OF USING A COMPUTER and THEIR PREVENTION
- PRIVACY ISSUES - Personal records are stores in computer such as medical records, credit records and tax. Individuals have found their privacy violated because confidential record is not protected properly
Prevention ; don’t share passwords - PUBLIC SAFETY - Users around the world share publicly photos,musics and other personal info. Innocent computer users have fallen victim to crimes committed by dangerous strangers.
Prevention; dont allow strangers to identify your location - IMPACT ON LABOUR FORCE - Millions of employees have been replaced by computers
- IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT - Computer wastes are polluting the environment.
- HEALTH RISKS - Prolonged or improper use of computer can lead to injuries or disorders of the hands, wrist , neck and so on.
Prevention; proper workplace design, good sitting and take regular breaks
8 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
- PERSONAL COMPUTER - Computer
- MOBILE COMPUTER AND MOBILE DEVICES - Tablet, Laptop , Portable
- GAME CONSOLES - Game Controller , mobile computing device
- SERVERS - Providing one or more services to other computers / devices on a network for storing content and controlling access to hardware or software on network
- MAINFRAMES - Handle thousands of connected users simultaneously. Automatic Sequence control computer
- SUPERCOMPUTERS - Fastest, most expensive super computer that processes trillion instructions
- EMBEDDED COMPUTERS - The temperature sensor water level sensor of a washing machine
- TERMINAL - Terminal ; monitor, keyboard and is usually for users to send data or receive info from a server
Special Purpose Terminal ; POS and ATM Terminal
WHO USES SERVERS?
Medium Size Companies such as colleges, universities and supermarkets
WHO USES MAINFRAMES?
Big Companies such as airlines, banks, insurance company
