Chapter 1 Introduction to Cells Flashcards
Specialized cells are found in what type of organisms?
Multicellular
What is cell theory?
The idea that all living things are made up of cells
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permenable membrane
What did Leeuwenhuok study?
bacteria cells
What is the brain of the cell?
nucelus
What is an element?
a pure substance that cannot be broken down
What is a compound?
A mixture of 2 or more elements
What are cells?
Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things
What is an example of a cell’s waste?
carbon dioxide
What does the cell membrane do?
controls what substances go in and out of a cell
What is the cell wall?
A rigid supporting layer for the cells, found only in plant cells
What are tiny cell structures called?
organelles
Where are ribosomes made?
The nuceolus
What do ribosomes do?
produce proteins
Where is the cytoplasm?
It is the fluid that fill the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus
What are mitochondria?
rod shaped structures nicknamed the “powerhouses” they convert energy stored in food into energy the cell can use
What is ER?
network that produces many substances
What is Golgi Apparatus?
packages and distributes newly formed material from the ER
What are vacuoles?
A sac that stores water. food or other materials
What are chloroplasts?
Captures energy from the sun and turns it into energy. Only in plant cells
What are lysosomes?
Which contain substances that break down food particles into smaller ones the cell can use
What shape is DNA in?
double helix
What is in carbohydrates?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What are in lipids?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What are proteins made of?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
What do enzymes do?
speed up chemical reactions
What does selectively permeable mean?
It means some substances can cross the membrane while others can’t
What is passive transport?
The movement of dissolved materials without using cellular energy
What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules across the cell’s membrane
What is active transport?
The movement of dissolved materials across the cell’s membrane using cellular energy.
What is endocytosis?
When the cell membrane changes shape and engulfs a food particle
What is exocytosis?
allows large particles to leave the cell
