Chapter 1: Introduction: Themes In The Study Of Life

Question 1

What is evolution?

Answer 1

The process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today from the modified common ancestors of animals

Question 2

What is biology?

Answer 2

The scientific study of life

Question 3

Name 7 properties of life.

Answer 3

Order, evolutionary adaption, response to the environment, regulation, reproduction, energy processing, growth and development

Question 4

What causes emergent properties?

Answer 4

The arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

Question 5

True or false?

Emergent properties are unique to life

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Define reductionism.

Answer 6

The approach of reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study

Question 7

What approach helps to understand emergent properties?

Answer 7

Reductionism

Question 8

Put in order the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest

Answer 8

Molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biosphere

Question 9

Which levels of the biological organization contain nonliving organisms?

Answer 9

Biosphere and ecosystems

Question 10

What are all organisms occupying a single ecosystem?

Hint: levels of biological organization

Answer 10

Communities

Question 11

True or false?

All bacteria are single cells.

Answer 11

False, only some are.

Question 12

What is a fundamental characteristic of ALL living organisms?

Answer 12

All use energy to carry out life’s activities

Question 13

Photosynthesis converts ________ into ________.

Answer 13

Light energy, chemical energy

Question 14

Cellular respiration converts ______ into _______.

Answer 14

Chemical energy, kinetic energy

Question 15

Chemical reaction for photosynthesis

Answer 15

CO2 + H2O + sunlight —> C6H12O6 + O2

Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight —> glucose, oxygen

Question 16

Can you analyze a bird’s wing to attempt to figure out it’s structure?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

What does every cell have?

Answer 17

Plasma membrane and DNA

Question 18

Where is the DNA stored in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 18

Known as the nucleiod

Question 19

About how many species have scientists named and identified?

Answer 19

About 1.8 million species

Question 20

Estimated number of species in the world?

Answer 20

10 million to over 100 million

Question 21

What is the taxonomy order (Linnaean system) from largest to smallest?

Answer 21

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 22

The three domains of life

Answer 22

Eukarya, bacteria, archaea

Question 23

4 kingdoms of eukarya

Answer 23

Plantae, fungi, animalia, protists

Question 24

Difference between plantae and fungi

Answer 24

Plantae converts light energy into chemical energy in food while fungi absorbs nutrients from outside of their bodies mainly from dead organisms and organic wastes

Question 25

What are protists and why are they hard to classify?

Answer 25

They are mostly unicellular eukaryotes and some relatively simple multicellular relatives. They are so hard to classify because they have such a close relationship with animalia.

Question 26

Darwin’s two main points in his book

Answer 26

Descent with modification (current species arose from previous ancestors) and natural selection (unequal reproduction of animals leads to adaptations that make them better fit for their environment causing them to survive better)

Question 27

Define prototype.

Answer 27

The mammal from which all other mammals descended

Question 28

Define scientific inquiry

Answer 28

Search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions involving the natural world

Question 29

Qualitative versus quantitative data?

Answer 29

Quantitative is generally recorded as measurements while qualitative is generally recorded as a description or words

Question 30

Inductive reasoning goes from _______ to _______.

Answer 30

Specific, general

We derive generalizations from a large number of specific observations.

Question 31

Deduction reasoning goes from _______ to _______.

Answer 31

General, specific

This is generally used after the hypothesis has been developed and involves logic that flows it the opposite direction of induction.

Question 32

Two things a hypothesis must be

Answer 32

Testable and falsifiable

Question 33

Theory is more or less broad in scope than a hypothesis?

Answer 33

Much broader

Question 34

True or false?

The earths core is not part of the biosphere

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is the scientific name for the cacao chocolate plant?

Answer 35

Theobroma cacao

Question 36

What 3 things will the cacao plant reduce?

Answer 36

Blood pressure, cholesterol, insulin resistance

Question 37

How was the cacao plant first consumed?

Answer 37

First consumed as a beverage often mixed with peppers that was used by the Myans and is known as “drink of the gods”

Question 38

All the energy on earth comes from the _______.

Answer 38

Sun

Question 39

Genera genus genus genus genera genera.

Which is plural and which is singular?

Answer 39

Genus is singular and genera is plural

Question 40

When writing the scientific name Ilex opaca L., what is opaca called?

Answer 40

The specific epithet and also is the species

Question 41

When writing the scientific name Ilex opaca L., what is the L. for?

Answer 41

This is an abbreviation for the last name of the person that named the plant

Question 42

What is an observational study?

Answer 42

Observe what is happening without manipulating anything

Question 43

The 3 features of the cell theory

Answer 43

All cells arise from preexisting cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, all organisms are composed of cells