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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 1: Introduction: Studying the human body > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Introduction: Studying the human body Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of body structure, which includes size, shape, composition and coloration.

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2
Q

Physiology

A

the study of how the body functions.

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3
Q

Levels of Organization

A

chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organism/individual.

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4
Q

Integumentary

A

Function: barrier to pathogens and chemicals prevents excessive water loss.
Organs: skin, hair, subcutaneous tissue.

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5
Q

Skeletal

A

Function: supports the body, protects internal organs, provides a framework to be moved by muscles.
Organs: bones, ligaments.

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6
Q

Muscular

A

Functions: moves the skeleton, produces heat.
Organs: muscles, tendons.

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7
Q

Nervous

A

Functions: interprets sensory information, regulates body functions such as movement by means of electrochemical impulses.
Organs: brain, nerves, eyes, ears

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8
Q

Endocrine

A

Functions: regulates body functions through the use of hormones.
Organs: thyroid gland, pituitary.

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9
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Functions: transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste products.
Organs: heart, blood, arteries.

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10
Q

Lymphatic

A

Functions: return tissue fluid to the blood, destroy pathogens that enter the body.
Organs: spleen, lymph nodes.

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11
Q

Respiratory

A

Functions: exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood.
Organs: lungs, trachea, larynx.

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12
Q

Digestive

A

Functions: changes food to simple chemical that can be absorbed and used by the body.
Organs: stomach, colon, liver.

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13
Q

Urinary

A

Functions: removes waste products from the blood regulates volume and ph. of blood.
Organs: kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra.

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14
Q

Reproductive

A

Functions: produces eggs or sperm.
In women, provides a site for the developing embryo/fetus.
Organs: Female: ovaries, uterus
Male: testes, prostate gland.

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15
Q

Homeostasis

A

reflects the ability of the body to maintain relative stability and to function normally despite constant changes.

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16
Q

Negative feedback

A

a variation outside the desired range triggers an automatic response that corrects the situation. Is involved in homeostatic regulation.

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17
Q

Positive feedback

A

an initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the change in the original conditions rather than opposing it.

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18
Q

Anatomic Position

A

body erect, facing observer, feet together, arms at side, palm’s forward.

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19
Q

Prone (other position)

A

lying horizontally, face downward

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20
Q

Supine (other position)

A

lying horizontally, face upward

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21
Q

Cranial

A

head end, aka cephalic

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22
Q

Caudal

A

the tail end (in humans, this is toward the feet).

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23
Q

Ventral

A

the bell side

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24
Q

Dorsal

A

backside

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25
Q

Posterior

A

back of the body-synonymous with “dorsal” in bipeds and “caudal” in quadrupeds’.

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26
Q

Anterior

A

front of the body-synonymous with “ventral” in bipeds and “cranial” in quadrupeds

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27
Q

Superior

A

top of the body-synonymous with “cranial” and “dorsal” in quadrupeds; above.

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28
Q

Inferior

A

bottom of the body-synonymous with “caudal” in bipeds and “ventral” in quadrupeds; below.

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29
Q

Medial

A

toward the mid-line of the body

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30
Q

Lateral

A

away from the mid-line of the body

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31
Q

Proximal

A

closer to the main body or trunk

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32
Q

Distal

A

further from the main body or trunk

33
Q

Superficial

A

close to the surface of the body

34
Q

Deep

A

away form the surface of the body

35
Q

Internal

A

within, or interior to

36
Q

External

A

outside, or exterior to

37
Q

Abdomen

A

stomach

38
Q

Antebrachium

A

forearm

39
Q

Axillary

A

armpit; junction of arm and trunk

40
Q

Brachial

A

arm

41
Q

Buccal/ Oris

A

mouth

42
Q

Calcaneus

A

heel

43
Q

Cardiac

A

heart

44
Q

Cephalon

A

head

45
Q

Cervical

A

neck

46
Q

Cranial

A

skull

47
Q

Cutaneous

A

skin

48
Q

Deltoid

A

shoulder

49
Q

Digits

A

toes or finger

50
Q

Dorsum

A

upper back

51
Q

Femoral

A

thigh

52
Q

Frontal

A

forehead

53
Q

Gastric

A

stomach

54
Q

Gluteal

A

buttocks

55
Q

Hepatic

A

liver

56
Q

Iliac

A

hip

57
Q

Inguinal

A

groin, junction of thigh to truck

58
Q

Inguinal

A

lower back, between thorax and pelvis

59
Q

Mamma

A

breast

60
Q

Nasal

A

nose

61
Q

Occipital

A

back of head

62
Q

Orbital/ Ocular

A

eye

63
Q

Otic

A

ear

64
Q

Parietal

A

crown of head

65
Q

Palmer

A

palm of the hand

66
Q

Patellar

A

kneecap

67
Q

Pes

A

foot

68
Q

Plantar

A

soel of the foot

69
Q

Popliteal

A

back of knee

70
Q

Pubis

A

pubic

71
Q

Pulmonary

A

lungs

72
Q

Pollex

A

thumb

73
Q

Sacral

A

lowest portion of back

74
Q

Sura

A

calf

75
Q

Tarsus

A

ankle

76
Q

Thoracic

A

the chest region, of “thorax”

77
Q

Umbilicus

A

novel

78
Q

Dorsal cavity (posterior and major body cavity)

A

contains the central nervous system and consists of the cranial cavity (formed by the skull and the brain) and spinal cavity (formed by the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord). the membranes that line these cavities and cover the brain and spinal cord are called meninges.

79
Q

Ventral cavity (anterior and major body cavity)

A

consists of 3 compartments, 2 separated by the diaphragm; thoracic cavity(includes the heart and lungs, membranes of the thoracic cavity are serous membranes; the heart has its own set of serous membranes called pericardial membranes; abdominal cavity includes the liver, stomach, and intestines, the membranes of the abdominal cavity are also serous membranes called the peritoneum and mesentery; pelvic cavity-inferior to the abdominal cavity containing the urinary bladder and reproductive organs.

Anatomy & Physiology (1 decks)

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