Chapter 1 Introduction: Part 1 Elements and Principles of Design Flashcards
1
Q
Attributes of excellence:
Distinction
A
quality of unique charm, taste, and originality.
2
Q
Attributes of excellence:
Individuality
A
the expression of a designer’s personality.
3
Q
Attributes of excellence:
Originality
A
reflection of creative thinking, imagination, vision, and interpretation.
4
Q
Composition
A
the grouping of the various parts to make the design.
5
Q
Suitability
A
the state of being appropriate to the circumstances and/or location.
6
Q
Elements of Design:
Line
A
the visual path the eye follows to produce motion.
7
Q
Elements of Design:
Form
A
the shape or contour of the individual componets in a composition.
8
Q
Elements of Design:
Space
A
the open areas around the individual components in a composition.
9
Q
Elements of Design:
Texture
A
physical surface qualities of plant materials.
10
Q
Elements of Design:
Pattern
A
when texture is enlarged becomes pattern, less perceived by touch.
11
Q
Elements of Design:
Color
A
response of the eye to various reflected wavelengths and pigments.
12
Q
Color harmony- the various usable or pleasing combinations of colors (hues)
A
a
13
Q
Color harmony:
Hue
A
a particular color.
14
Q
Color harmony:
Chroma
A
pure hue, undiluted with white, black, or grey
15
Q
Color harmony:
Value
A
designate the lightness or darkness of a hue.
16
Q
Color harmony:
Tint
A
any color to which white has been added. Red plus white becomes pink, etc. Aka pastels
17
Q
Color harmony:
Shade
A
a color to which black has been added.
18
Q
Color harmony:
Tone
A
a color grayed by its complement or the addition of grey. Tones have less brilliance.
19
Q
Monochromatic
A
arrangement using only one hue
20
Q
Analogous
A
arrangement using three or more hues in sequence on the chart
21
Q
Complementary colors are opposite on the color wheel. red and green, blue and orange, yellow and violet.
A
aa
22
Q
Achromatic
A
neutral colors. black, white, and or grey.
23
Q
Primary principals of designs:
Proportion
A
composition to each other in size, quantity, and degree of emphasis
24
Q
Primary principals of designs:
Balance
A
a state of equilibrium and is achieved when components are composed.
25
Primary principals of designs:
| Symmetical balance
formal, man-made, and characterized by perfect symmetry.
26
Primary principals of designs:
| Asymmetrical balance
natural-informal, and it is not a mirror image of both sides of a plane, axis, or point.
27
Primary principals of designs:
| Rhythm
visual movement throughout a design, usually achieved by means of repetition or gradation.
28
Primary principals of designs:
| Harmony
aesthetic quality created through the pleasing interaction of a combination of components in a composition.
29
Primary principals of designs:
| Unity
oneness of purpose, thought, style, and spirit.
30
Primary principals of designs:
| Contrast
difference between objects when they are placed next to each other
31
Secondary principals of design:
| Scale
the relative ratio of the size of a composition to its surroundings
32
Secondary principals of design:
| Emphasis
area in composition that is given importance to make it stand out.
33
Secondary principals of design:
| Depth
placement of materials at different levels in and around an arrangement
34
Secondary principals of design:
| Repetition
the repeating of like elements within a composition
35
Secondary principals of design:
| Transition
visual movement that comes from gradual degrees of changes in line, form, color space, pattern, and size.
36
Secondary principals of design:
| Variation
basic similarity but with minor differences
37
Secondary principals of design:
| Oppostion
total contrast that brings about contradiction in a design.
38
Secondary principals of design:
| Tension
dynamic aesthetic quality expressing action or the force of energy within or upon a design component by the skillful use of contrast.
39
Stem placement:
| Radial
having materials arranged like the rays coming from a common center. ex peacock tails.
40
Stem placement:
| Parallel
two or more lines that have the saem direction and with continuous equal space in between them. ex. railroad tracks, picket fence.
41
Stem placement:
| Abstract
non-realistic placement of stems with no relation to a growth point or a water source. ex. a leaf suspended in a design with its head down and stems up.
42
Stem placement:
| Integrated
combination of two or more of the stem placements
43
Vegetative design
naturalistic design style in which flowers and plant materials are placed the way they grow.
44
Geometric design
a composition with a definite geometric shape composed of line, mass, or line-mass concepts with radical stem placements
45
S curve
aka Hogarth curve
46
Formalinear
an asymmetrically balanced design of interesting materials, each of which is few in number and usually grouped, that emphasizes forms and lines.
Reduce materials to a min.
Radial placement is typical. Asymmetrical balance is typical.
Must be displayed in front of plain or muted backgrounds that do not compete with te deisng.
47
Parallel deisng
individual stems or groups of stems are placed in the same direction, and are always the same distance a part from end to end.
48
Free form
creative design inspired by unconventional ideas, styles, and patterns yet adhering to the elements and principles of the design.
49
Interpretive
organization of design elements to suggest a given theme, idea, occasion, mood, or atmosphere.
50
Progressive steps of traditional designs:
| Classic
established standard of excellence; timeless; work of enduring worth as influenced by ancient Greece or Rome.
51
Progressive steps of traditional designs:
| Realistic
a faithful reproduction of nature, photograpic, objective, with one point perspective; seeing the world as it is.
52
Progressive steps of traditional designs:
| Geometric
reflects perfect order; definite mathematical and geometric design; was developed from geometric patterns
53
Free form interpretive design
pure design, which evolves its own concept, independent of preconceived patterns; intrinsic value expressed in aesthetic beauty; expressive, with unlimited imagination
54
Progressive steps of traditional designs:
| Abstract
visionary, intutitive, reflecting the essence of purity in line, form, color, and texture in space- expressing rhythm and emotion through an intellectual process.
55
Flower form:
| Line flowers
generally erect, tall spikes of blossoms with florets blooming along the stem.
56
Flower form:
| Mass flowers
single stems with one solid head.
57
Flower form:
| Form flowers
have distinctive shapes, leave space between them so they can remain individuals.
58
Flower form:
| Filler
mult-branched or feathery and are used to "fill in" arrangements.
59
The first and foremost need of flowers
Water
60
The second need of flowers
food
61
Roses have an increased vase life if grown at what temp. Not only does it affect vase life, but also pigmentation.
70 degrees
62
Roses with extrememly tigt buds are know as
bull heads
63
The natural loss of water in plants and flowers
transpiration
63
A relative humidity of % is recommended for most flowers stored in the refrigerator.
90%
64
Low humidity can actually pull the moisture from flowers which causes
Accelerate the aging process
65
Ethylene gas can cause the flowers to die. Sources of ethylene gas are
Normal healthy tissues of the plant, damaged foliage and diseased tissue of the flower, fruits, and incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.
66
Symptoms of ethylene damage are
Downward bending of leaves, premature withering or rapid development or aging.
67
The three main ingredients in floral food are
Sugar, bio-inhibitor, and an acidifier
68
Sugar is food for the flower. Bio-inhibitor prevents rapid and uncontrolled bacteria growth.
Note
69
Wiring methods
Insertion, hook, or hairpin methods.
70
Steel picks
Small barbed piece of steel, frequently used with silk and drid materials
71
Greening pins
Has a "s" curve across the top. Used to apply greenery to wreath and anchor moss to various foam bases.
72
Back pins aka straight pins
Useful to apply flowers on set designs for funeral piece.
73
Anchor pins
Small plastic disk with four prongs. Floral foam or styrofoam is then impaled on the prongs. Eliminates the need for tape
74
Dixon pins
Strong anchoring device made of wooden picks attached to opposite ends of a flexible metal strip. They are used to attach styrofoam.
75
Look over info on making bows. Page 145
Page 145
76
Design techniques- abstracting
Changing a type of plant material so thT it looks unnatural.
77
Bailing
Simulation of a bale of grass or hay by compressing and typing plant materials together. Pg 150
78
Banding-
Encircling plant or man made materials in concise and consecutive rings with decorative appointments such as gold wire, raffia, or silk cording. Pg150
79
Basing
Techniques such as clustering, layering, terracing, and pave are used to make a decorative surface for the foundation from which the floral composition emerges. Pg 150
80
Collaring
Surrounding a flower, bouquet, or container rim w natural or man made leaves or other materials to create a finished appearance.
81
Gradation/sequencing-
Placement of like materials in an ordered sequence, from largest to smallest or darkest to lightest, etc.
82
Look at page 155
Look at page 156
83
Episcopalian church
The florist is not allowed behind the altar rail. No artifical flowers or greenery may be used
84
Greek Orthodox wedding
Flowers are normally placed on the soles located in front of the altar. Women are. To permitted to enter the Holy of Holies behind the icon screen
85
Types of corsages
Crescent, cluster, triangle, "v", round, informal clusters,
