Chapter 1: introduction of the human body

Question 1

The two branches of science are anatomy and physiology. What are the difference between the two.

Answer 1

Anatomy is the science of body structure and the relationships among them. It was first studied by dissection. While physiology is the study of the body functions and how the body part works.

Question 2

Embryology

Answer 2

The first eight weeks of development following fertilization of an egg. (In humans… Anatomy)

Question 3

Developmental biology

Answer 3

The complete development of an individual from fertilization of an egg to death ( anatomy)

Question 4

Histology

Answer 4

Microscopic structure of tissue ( anatomy)

Question 5

Surface anatomy

Answer 5

Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation( gentle touch)

Question 6

Gross anatomy

Answer 6

Structures that can be examined without using a microscope.

Question 7

Systemic anatomy

Answer 7

Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous of respiratory systems.

Question 8

Regional anatomy

Answer 8

Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest.

Question 9

Radiographic anatomy

Answer 9

Body structures that can be visualized with x-Rays.

Question 10

Pathological anatomy

Answer 10

Structural changes associated with disease

Question 11

Neurophysiology

Answer 11

Functional properties of nerve cells ( physiology)

Question 12

Endocrinology

Answer 12

Hormones and how they control body functions

Question 13

Cardiovascular physiology

Answer 13

Functions of the heart and the blood vessels

Question 14

Immunology

Answer 14

How the body defends itself against disease causing agents

Question 15

Respiratory physiology

Answer 15

Functions of the air passages And lungs

Question 16

Renal physiology

Answer 16

Functions of the kidneys

Question 17

Exercise physiology

Answer 17

Changes in the cell and organ functions as a result of muscular activity

Question 18

Pathophysiology

Answer 18

Functional changes associated with disease and aging.

Question 19

What Are the levels of structural organization

Answer 19

Chemical level (atoms and molecules) cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal.

Question 20

Atoms

Answer 20

The smallest unit of matter. For example hydrogen and carbon.

Question 21

Molecules

Answer 21

Are two or more atoms combined. The most common is DNA.

Question 22

Cells

Answer 22

Molecules combine cells, which is the basic structural and functional units of an organism.

Question 23

Tissue

Answer 23

Are groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a function.

Question 24

Organs

Answer 24

Are structures that are combined of two or more types of tissue

Question 25

List the 6 most important life processes of the human body and define them.

Answer 25

1. Metabolism- the the sum of all the chemical process that occur in the human body.
   2.Responsiveness- is the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes. ie temperature.
   3.Movement- includes motion of the whole body.. organs, single cells.
   4-Growth- increase in body size that results from an increase of existing cells.
   5- Differentiation- is the devoplment of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state.
   6- Reproduction- formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement or to the production to a new individual.

Question 26

What is homeostasis?

Answer 26

The condition of equilibrium in the body.

Question 27

What is the level of glucose in blood

Answer 27

it stays between 70 and 110 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood

Question 28

The fluid within cells is called what?

Answer 28

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Question 29

the fluid outside cells is called what?

Answer 29

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 30

The ECF that fills the narrow spaces between cells of tissue is known as

Answer 30

intersitial fluid

Question 31

ECF within blood vessels is known as

Answer 31

blood plasma

Question 32

Fluid around the brain and spinal cord is known as

Answer 32

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 33

ECF of the eye is called

Answer 33

aqueous humor and vitreous body.