Chapter 1: introduction of the human body Flashcards
The two branches of science are anatomy and physiology. What are the difference between the two.
Anatomy is the science of body structure and the relationships among them. It was first studied by dissection. While physiology is the study of the body functions and how the body part works.
Embryology
The first eight weeks of development following fertilization of an egg. (In humans… Anatomy)
Developmental biology
The complete development of an individual from fertilization of an egg to death ( anatomy)
Histology
Microscopic structure of tissue ( anatomy)
Surface anatomy
Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation( gentle touch)
Gross anatomy
Structures that can be examined without using a microscope.
Systemic anatomy
Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous of respiratory systems.
Regional anatomy
Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest.
Radiographic anatomy
Body structures that can be visualized with x-Rays.
Pathological anatomy
Structural changes associated with disease
Neurophysiology
Functional properties of nerve cells ( physiology)
Endocrinology
Hormones and how they control body functions
Cardiovascular physiology
Functions of the heart and the blood vessels
Immunology
How the body defends itself against disease causing agents
Respiratory physiology
Functions of the air passages And lungs
Renal physiology
Functions of the kidneys
Exercise physiology
Changes in the cell and organ functions as a result of muscular activity
Pathophysiology
Functional changes associated with disease and aging.
What Are the levels of structural organization
Chemical level (atoms and molecules) cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal.
Atoms
The smallest unit of matter. For example hydrogen and carbon.
Molecules
Are two or more atoms combined. The most common is DNA.
Cells
Molecules combine cells, which is the basic structural and functional units of an organism.
Tissue
Are groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a function.
Organs
Are structures that are combined of two or more types of tissue
List the 6 most important life processes of the human body and define them.
- Metabolism- the the sum of all the chemical process that occur in the human body.
2.Responsiveness- is the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes. ie temperature.
3.Movement- includes motion of the whole body.. organs, single cells.
4-Growth- increase in body size that results from an increase of existing cells.
5- Differentiation- is the devoplment of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state.
6- Reproduction- formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement or to the production to a new individual.
What is homeostasis?
The condition of equilibrium in the body.
What is the level of glucose in blood
it stays between 70 and 110 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood
The fluid within cells is called what?
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
the fluid outside cells is called what?
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
The ECF that fills the narrow spaces between cells of tissue is known as
intersitial fluid
ECF within blood vessels is known as
blood plasma
Fluid around the brain and spinal cord is known as
cerebrospinal fluid
ECF of the eye is called
aqueous humor and vitreous body.
