Chapter 1 - Introduction and History of Performance Improvement Flashcards
Progress
Progress is commonly accomplished in one of two ways. First, progress can be achieved through an understanding of the scientific basis of the natural world and its constituent parts. Second, progress can be achieved through improvements in the ways that people perform their work.
PI
Performance Improvement
Humors
At one time it was believed that four basic fluids called humors determined a person’s temperament and health and that imbalances in the proportion of humors in the body caused disease.
Science of Medicine Evolvement
The science of medicine began to evolve in the late 19th century but it was not fully realized until the second and third decades of the 20th century.
Regulation Attempts
At first, the regulation took the form of licensure, beginning in New York in 1760 and in New Jersey in 1771.
AMA
The American Medical Association was established in 1840 to represent the interests of physicians across the united states.
AAMC
In 1876 the Association of American Medical Colleges was established. The AAMC was dedicated to standardizing the curriculum of US medical schools and developing the public’s appreciations for the need for medical licensure.
Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
The foundation and its president, Henry S. Pritchett offered to sponsor and fund and independent review of the medical curricula and the medical colleges of the United States. The review was undertaken in 1906 by Abraham Flexner, and educator from Louisville, KY.
Reforms created from the Flexner review
One of the reforms required medical college applicants to hold a baccalaureate degree. Another required that the medical curriculum be founded in the basic science. Reforms also required that medical students receive practical, hospital based training.
By 1920 most of the colleges met rigorous academic standards and were approved by the AAMC.
Nursing Practice
In 1872 the first general training school for nurses was organized. It became a model for other institutions throughout the United states.
Nursing Education/Licensure
Despite opposition from many physicians who believed that nurses did not need formal education or licensure, North Carolina passed the first nurse registration bill in the US in 1903.
Maude E. Callen
Undertook the training of midwives in coastal South Carolina in 1926. An RN, she recognized that the midwives’ lack of training contributed to high infant and maternal mortality rates in the region, and she traveled extensively throughout the region to assist at deliveries and train midwives.
Robert Latou Dickinson
An OB-GHN, he developed a standardized questionnaire that he used to structure his examinations.
Lavinia Lloyd Dock
Developed important approaches to disaster nursing at the end of the 19th century.
Roswell Park
Helped disseminate the principles of antiseptics.
