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Operating Systems > Chapter 1 - Introduction > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What the definition of an OS?

A

A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware

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2
Q

What are an OS’s three goals?

A

1) Execute user programs
2) Make computer system easy to use
3) Utilize hardware efficiently

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3
Q

What is the hierarchy of the computer system?

A

Hardware OS Applications Users

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4
Q

What are two aspects of an OS?

A

Resource Allocator and Control Program

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5
Q

What is a resource allocator?

A

Part of OS that decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use

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6
Q

What is a control program?

A

Part of OS that controls execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of computer

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7
Q

What is a kernel?

A

The one program running at all times on the computer

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8
Q

What is a bootstrap program?

A

Program stored in ROM or EPROM that initializes all aspects of the system, loads OS kernel and starts execution

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9
Q

When is the bootstrap program loaded?

A

At power-up or reboot

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10
Q

Can I/O and CPU execute concurrently?

A

Yes

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11
Q

How do device controllers inform CPU that it is finished with an operation?

A

By causing an interrupt

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12
Q

What does an interrupt do?

A

Transfers control of CPU to the Interrupt Service Routine through the Interrupt Vector

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13
Q

What is the interrupt service routine?

A

Contains addresses of all the service routines

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14
Q

What happens to incoming interrupts when another is already being processed?

A

Incoming interrupts are disabled

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15
Q

What is a trap?

A

A software generated interrupt caused by error or user request

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16
Q

How does the OS determine what kind of interrupt has occurred?

A

Through polling or the vectored interrupt system

17
Q

What is a system call?

A

How a program requests a service from the OS kernel

18
Q

What is the Device-status table?

A

Table that contains entry for each I/O device indicating its type, address, and state

19
Q

Why would the OS index into the I/O device-status table?

A

To determine device status and to modify table entry to include interrupt

20
Q

What is main memory?

A

Random access, volatile memory, aka RAM

21
Q

What is hierarchy of the storage structure?

A

1) Registers
2) Cache
3) Main memory (RAM)
4) Electronic Disk (SSD)
5) Magnetic Disk (HD)
6) Optical Disk (CDs)
7) Magnetic Tape

22
Q

What is secondary storage?

A

Extension of main memory that provides large non-volatile storage

23
Q

What does the disk controller do?

A

Determines logical interaction between the disk and the computer

24
Q

What is caching?

A

Copying information into faster storage system

25
Q

What are the advantages of Multiprocessor Systems?

A

Increased throughput and reliability, economy of scale

26
Q

What is a clustered system?

A

Collection of linked multiprocessor systems

27
Q

What is multiprogramming?

A

Having the OS switch to another job when it needs to wait (ex: for I/O), aka job scheduling

28
Q

What is timesharing?

A

When CPU switches jobs so frequently that each user can interact with each job while it is running, aka interactive computing

29
Q

What is dual-mode and what does it do?

A

Having a user mode and kernel mode, which allows OS to protect itself and other system components

30
Q

What does it mean to be privileged?

A

To be able to execute in kernel mode

31
Q

What is the difference between a single-threaded and multi-threaded process?

A

Single-threaded process have one Program Counter (PC) while multi-threaded have one for each thread

32
Q

What is protection?

A

Mechanism for controlling access of processes or users to resources defined by the OS

33
Q

What is security?

A

Defense of a system against attacks

34
Q

What do Users IDs (UID) and Group IDs (GID) do?

A

Determine which users and groups of users have which privileges

Operating Systems (7 decks)

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