Chapter 1: Introduction Flashcards
1
Q
Main Helicopter Advantages
A
- Vertical takeoff/landing
- Ability to hove for extended periods
- Unique handling properties under low airspeed conditions
2
Q
Types of Rotors(comprises Rotor Systems):
Main Rotor
A
- mounted horizontally to a vertical mast to provide vertical lift. Rotates counter-clockwise(US) Clockwise(EU)
3
Q
Types of Rotors(comprises Rotor Systems):
Tail Rotor
A
- mounted vertically to provide horizontal/ anti-torque lift
4
Q
Types of Rotors(comprises Rotor Systems):
Tandem Rotor
A
- Aka Dual Rotor
- two large twin counter-rotating horizontal rotor system/assemblies for heavy weight machines
5
Q
Types of Rotors(comprises Rotor Systems):
Coaxial Rotor
A
- pair of counter-rotating rotors mounted on same mast one above each other.
6
Q
What is the Make Up of a Main Rotor System?
A
- Mast: hollow cynlindrical metal shaft extending up from/driven from transmisson
- Hub: attachment point for rotor blades at top of mast
- Rotor Blades
7
Q
Rotor System Classifications
A
- Semi rigid:
- Rigid
- Fully articulated explanations in chapter 4
8
Q
What is the Make Up of a Anti-Torique(tail) Rotor System?
A
- Drive shaft: powered by main transmission and a gearbox mounted at end of tail boom
- Gearbox: provides angled drive for the tail rotor
- Tail rotor blades
- Pitch change links: adjusted to set the angle of incidence
9
Q
Purpose of Anti Torque(Tail) Rotor System
A
- Newton’s 3rd law: every action has an equal and opposite reaction: creation of torque
- With a single main rotor helicopter, the creation of torque as the engine turns the rotor creates a torque effect that causes the body of the helicopter to turn in the opposite direction of the rotor.
- Tail rotor system creates anti torque to combat this by pushing or puling against the tail
10
Q
Basic Helicopter Controls:
Cyclic
A
- varies the pitch of the rotor blades throughout each revolution of the main rotor system to create unequal lift(thrust)
- Tilts the rotor disc in a particular direction resulting in helicopter moving in that direction(i.e. cyclic pushed forward pushes rotor disc forward and creates forward thrust)
- can be joystick or teetering bar control system.
11
Q
Basic Helicopter Controls:
**Collective **
A
- Changes pitch angle of all main rotor blades collectively. All blades change equally, increasing/decreasing total lift or thrust
- Result is increase or decrease in altitude or airspeed.
- Variable friction control to prevent inadvertent movement
- Aka collective pitch control
12
Q
Basic Helicopter Controls:
Anti-Torque Pedals
A
- Control direction in which nose is pointed.
- Pedal input changes pitch of tail rotor blades
- Increases/reduces thrust produced by tail rotor and causes nose to yaw in direction of applied pedal.
13
Q
Basic Helicopter Controls:
Throttle
A
- controls power produced by engine connected to rotor via transmission
- Purpose: maintain enough engine power to keep rotor rpm within allowable range to keep rotor producing enough lift for flight
- Twist grip mounted on collective
14
Q
Two Types of Flying
A
-
Hover: more challenging b/c helicopter generates its own gusty air acting against the fuselage.
- Requires constant inputs + corrections to keep.
- Cyclic used to eliminate drift in horizontal direction(control forward/back/left/right)
- Collective used to maintain altitude
- Pedals control nose heading.
- Forward flight
15
Q
A