Chapter 1 - Intro To The Human Body Flashcards by Sam Styles

Q

What is anatomy?

A

It is the study of the structure and shape of the body and it’s parts and their relationship to one another

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Q

What is physiology?

A

It is the study of how the body and its parts work or function

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Q

Levels of structural organisation

What is the chemical level?

A

Atoms combine to form molecules

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Q

Levels of structural organisation

What is the cellular level?

A

Smallest living units vary in size and shape to reflect function

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Q

Levels of structural organisation

What is the tissue level?

A

Groups of cells working together with a common function

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Q

Levels of structural organisation

What is the organ level?

A

Two or more different types of tissues with a complex function

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Q

Levels of structural organisation

What is system level?

A

Organs that have a common function and purpose

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Q

Levels of structural organisation

What is the organisms level?

A

All of the systems combine to make up a living body

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Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

Skin

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Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

Bones

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Q

What is the muscular system?

A

Muscles

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Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Nerves

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Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Hormones

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Q

What is the Cardiovascular system?

A

Heart and blood transport vessels

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Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

Immune system

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Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

Lungs and gas exchange in the body

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Q

What is the digestive system?

A

Breakdown and absorption of nutrients

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Q

What is the urinary system?

A

Removal of metabolic wastes

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Q

What is the reproductive system?

A

New offspring

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Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Is the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions. It is a dynamic state of equilibrium, a balance in which internal conditions change and vary but always within narrow limits.

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Q

How is homeostasis maintained?

A

By feedback mechanisms

Q

What are the 3 components of the feedback mechanisms?

A

Control centre - receives messages from the receptor

Receptor - senses the variable

Effector - corrects the imbalance

Q

What are the 2 types of feedback?

A

Negative and Positive

Q

Negative Feedback mechanisms:

A

are the most common form in the body

- reverse or negate the change in a controlled condition

What are examples of negative feedback?

Body temperature and blood pressure

Positive feedback mechanisms:

- are rare in the body - reinforce the initial change - increase the original stimulus and push the variable farther from the original value

What are examples of positive feedback?

Childbirth, ovulation and blood clotting

What is the anatomical position?

The body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward.

What are directional terms?

Allow medical personnel to explain exactly where one body structure is in relation to another.

Body Planes | What is the Midsagittal plane?

It divides left and right

Body Planes | What is the Frontal plane?

It divides front and back

Body Planes | What is the Transverse plane?

It divides top and bottom

Body Planes | What is the Parasagittal plane?

It divides unevenly left and right

Where is the anterior?

At or near the front

Where is the posterior?

At or near the back

Where is the proximal?

Nearer to a reference point

Where is Distal

Further away from a reference point

Where is superior?

Situated above or directed upward

Where is inferior?

Situated below or directed downwards

Where is medial?

Nearer to the midsagittal plane

Where is lateral?

Further from the midsagittal plane

What are body cavities?

Are hollow spaces that contain, protect, separate and support internal organs

What are the 2 sets of internal body cavities?

Dorsal and ventral

What is a disorder?

Is a disturbance of the structure and/or the function of the body ie eating disorders and sleeping disorders

What is a disease?

Is a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any body part, organ or system.

What is an infectious disease?

Is caused by microorganisms ranging in size from viruses, bacteria to parasitic worms

What is a local disease?

Is a condition which originates in and remains confined to one part of the body or ankle sprain, boil on finger

What is systemic disease?

Affects a number of organs and tissues or affects the body as a whole ie diabetes or AIDS

What is symptoms?

Symptoms are changes that’s can’t be observed ie headache

What are signs?

Signs are changes that can be observed and measured ie body temperature