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Life sciences > Chapter 1 - Intro To The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Intro To The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

It is the study of the structure and shape of the body and it’s parts and their relationship to one another

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

It is the study of how the body and its parts work or function

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3
Q

Levels of structural organisation

What is the chemical level?

A

Atoms combine to form molecules

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4
Q

Levels of structural organisation

What is the cellular level?

A

Smallest living units vary in size and shape to reflect function

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5
Q

Levels of structural organisation

What is the tissue level?

A

Groups of cells working together with a common function

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6
Q

Levels of structural organisation

What is the organ level?

A

Two or more different types of tissues with a complex function

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7
Q

Levels of structural organisation

What is system level?

A

Organs that have a common function and purpose

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8
Q

Levels of structural organisation

What is the organisms level?

A

All of the systems combine to make up a living body

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9
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

Skin

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10
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

Bones

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11
Q

What is the muscular system?

A

Muscles

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12
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Nerves

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13
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Hormones

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14
Q

What is the Cardiovascular system?

A

Heart and blood transport vessels

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15
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

Immune system

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16
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

Lungs and gas exchange in the body

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17
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

Breakdown and absorption of nutrients

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18
Q

What is the urinary system?

A

Removal of metabolic wastes

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19
Q

What is the reproductive system?

A

New offspring

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20
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Is the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions. It is a dynamic state of equilibrium, a balance in which internal conditions change and vary but always within narrow limits.

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21
Q

How is homeostasis maintained?

A

By feedback mechanisms

22
Q

What are the 3 components of the feedback mechanisms?

A

Control centre - receives messages from the receptor

Receptor - senses the variable

Effector - corrects the imbalance

23
Q

What are the 2 types of feedback?

A

Negative and Positive

24
Q

Negative Feedback mechanisms:

A
  • are the most common form in the body

- reverse or negate the change in a controlled condition

25
Q

What are examples of negative feedback?

A

Body temperature and blood pressure

26
Q

Positive feedback mechanisms:

A
  • are rare in the body
  • reinforce the initial change
  • increase the original stimulus and push the variable farther from the original value
27
Q

What are examples of positive feedback?

A

Childbirth, ovulation and blood clotting

28
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

The body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward.

29
Q

What are directional terms?

A

Allow medical personnel to explain exactly where one body structure is in relation to another.

30
Q

Body Planes

What is the Midsagittal plane?

A

It divides left and right

31
Q

Body Planes

What is the Frontal plane?

A

It divides front and back

32
Q

Body Planes

What is the Transverse plane?

A

It divides top and bottom

33
Q

Body Planes

What is the Parasagittal plane?

A

It divides unevenly left and right

34
Q

Where is the anterior?

A

At or near the front

35
Q

Where is the posterior?

A

At or near the back

36
Q

Where is the proximal?

A

Nearer to a reference point

37
Q

Where is Distal

A

Further away from a reference point

38
Q

Where is superior?

A

Situated above or directed upward

39
Q

Where is inferior?

A

Situated below or directed downwards

40
Q

Where is medial?

A

Nearer to the midsagittal plane

41
Q

Where is lateral?

A

Further from the midsagittal plane

42
Q

What are body cavities?

A

Are hollow spaces that contain, protect, separate and support internal organs

43
Q

What are the 2 sets of internal body cavities?

A

Dorsal and ventral

44
Q

What is a disorder?

A

Is a disturbance of the structure and/or the function of the body ie eating disorders and sleeping disorders

45
Q

What is a disease?

A

Is a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any body part, organ or system.

46
Q

What is an infectious disease?

A

Is caused by microorganisms ranging in size from viruses, bacteria to parasitic worms

47
Q

What is a local disease?

A

Is a condition which originates in and remains confined to one part of the body or ankle sprain, boil on finger

48
Q

What is systemic disease?

A

Affects a number of organs and tissues or affects the body as a whole ie diabetes or AIDS

49
Q

What is symptoms?

A

Symptoms are changes that’s can’t be observed ie headache

50
Q

What are signs?

A

Signs are changes that can be observed and measured ie body temperature

Life sciences (1 decks)

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