Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Research and Methodology > Chapter 1: Intro to Research and EBD > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Intro to Research and EBD Flashcards

1
Q

Complete the sentence:

Those who conduct research go about seeking knowledge through…

A

Observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two reasons observations are used in research?

A
  1. Test hypothesis

2. Correct errors in theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the definition of a hypothesis and what is it based on?

A

A hypothesis is an educated guess based on observations. A hypothesis is the research question.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Through experimentation, what two things can happen to a hypothesis?

A
  1. Supported

2. Refuted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False: A hypothesis can be shown to be false, but can never be proven to be true.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a theory?

A

A hypothesis or group of hypotheses that have been supported with repeated testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Can a theory be disproven?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When can a theory be valid?

A

As long as there is no evidence to disprove it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are theories similar to scientific law?

A

They are both accepted to be true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two research types a hypothesis can be tested?

A

Basic or Applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the primary goal of Basic Research?

A

To make a contribution to KNOWLEDGE, it does not aim to solve a specific problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the primary goal of Applied Research?

A

It aims to SOLVE a specific problem and has an immediate application

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What precedes explanatory research?

A

Exploratory research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is exploratory research performed?

A

To identify possible relationships or gain more information on variables of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the two research types is smaller, less expensive, less time consuming, Exploratory or Explanatory?

A

Exploratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which type of research is used to establish new valid and reliable measurement techniques?

A

Exploratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which type of research tries to answer the questions how or why?

A

Explanatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the primary goal of explanatory research?

A

Understand the nature or mechanism explaining the relationships between variables.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The estimation of the friction coeffeicient of a new alloy orthodontic wire used with specific type of bracket is what type of study?

A

Exploratory

20
Q

Evaluate the changes in salivary pH 10 minutes after chewing gum with xylitol is what type of study?

A

Exploratory

21
Q

Compare the duration of orthodontic treatment with archwires made from anew alloy thought to produce less friction to NiTi archwires is what type of study

A

Explanatory

22
Q

Determine if chewing gum with xylitol impacts the dmft in children who are highly susceptible to caries more than chewing gum without xylitol is what type of study

A

Explanatory

23
Q

What type of research is structured and has a predetermined sample and way the study is conducted

A

quantitative

24
Q

Is most research in dentistry quantitative or qualitative?

A

quantitative

25
Q

What type of research depend on information not in numerical form?

A

Qualitative

26
Q

What type of research can be used to develop a new hypothesis, get a deep understanding of a problem, or investigate complex and sensitive situations?

A

Qualitative

27
Q

Interviews, videos, and recordings are methods to obtain data for what type of study?

A

Qualitative

28
Q

If the data is words, descriptions of behaviors, or narrations, what kind of study is it?

A

Qualitative

29
Q

True or false: While qualitative research produces a variety of data, it can be difficult to organize and interpret

A

True

30
Q

What is a main disadvantage to Quantitative research?

A

Information obtained for few variables and may forget to measure important ones.

31
Q

What are disadvantages to Qualitative research?

A
  1. Need more time for data collection

2. Information overload

32
Q

What type of research involves humans alive or deceased or materials from humans that can be tissue samples or behaviors?

A

Clinical research

33
Q

What are the three classes of studies under the rubric of clinical research?

A
  1. Patient oriented
  2. Epidemiological/Behavioral
  3. Outcomes and health services
34
Q

What is non-clinical research performed on humans?

A

Studies that hold no clinical implication

35
Q

What does a primary study pertain to ?

A

Research that has actually been performed

36
Q

What are secondary studies based on?

A

Information from studies that have been previously performed

37
Q

What provides the structure for testing hypotheses?

A

Research designs

38
Q

What provides the complete set of instructions for conducting research?

A

Research design

39
Q

What are the three different types of research designs?

A
  1. Non Experimental
  2. Quasi Experimental
  3. Experimental
40
Q

What type of research design cannot be used to test relationships between variables

A

Non experimental

41
Q

True or False: Since there are usually many reasons why effects occur, most dental research establishing causal relationships is not deterministic.

A

True

42
Q

What are the three conditions necessary to establish a causal relationship?

A
  1. Cause must precede the effect
  2. Cause and effect must be in fact related using statistics
  3. No other plausible explanation for the effect other than the cause
43
Q

What designs perform active observations that allow test systems to be altered?

A

Quasi- experimental and

Experimental

44
Q

How do active observations establish cause and effect relationships between variables?

A
  1. Manipulate the cause and observe the effect AFTERWARD
  2. Design studies that minimize the effects of potentially confounding variables
  3. Statistically tests relationship to ensure that it truly exists
45
Q

Can non experimental designs ensure that the cause preceded the effect and that the two are related?

A

Yes!

Clinical Research and Methodology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions