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AP Psychology > Chapter 1: Intro to psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Intro to psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology

A

the science of behavior and mental processed

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2
Q

Hypothesis

A

proposed explanation made with limited evidence

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3
Q

theory

A

ideas intended to explain something

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4
Q

experiment

A

an experiment to discover something

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5
Q

Empirical method

A

collection of data using observation or experience

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6
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

1st experimental psychology lab. Focused on significance, perception, and general feeling.

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7
Q

structuralism

A

basic structures that make up the mind… uses introspection

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8
Q

introspection

A

the examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes

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9
Q

William James

A

Used functionalism to figure out how people adapted or didn’t adapt to everyday life. Influenced by Darwin

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10
Q

Functionalism

A

Conscious and helps people adapt to their environment

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11
Q

Gestalt

A

smaller pieces of information to make a meaningful whole. Perception and perceptual thinking and organization.

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12
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Behavioral. Conditioned reflex. Hungry dog to salivate with bell

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13
Q

John B Watson

A

Behavioral. Conditional process. Little Albert experiment.

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14
Q

Little Albert experiment

A

experiment was that classical conditioning is possible in humans, since the boy learned to associate a neutral stimulus (white rat) with a fearful stimulus (loud bang) to be scared of the white rat.

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15
Q

B.F Skinner

A

Behavioral. Positive reinforcement in education. Skinner box

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16
Q

Operant Chamber/ Skinner Box

A

a chamber, often small, that is used to conduct operant conditioning research with animals. Within this chamber, there is usually a lever or key that an individual animal can operate to obtain a food or water source within the chamber as a reinforcer

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17
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

humanist. hierarchy of needs to explain human motivations. Ex. thirst hunger

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18
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Humanist. Free will.

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19
Q

Jean Piaget

A

started children’s intellectual development

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20
Q

Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic Psychology

A

How behavior is affected by unconscious drives and conflicts. Unconscious and unresolved inner conflicts from childhood. Dreams.

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21
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Psychodynamic Psychology

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22
Q

Behaviorism

A

How we learn through rewards, punishments, and observations

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23
Q

Humanism

A

How healthy people strive to reach gull potential. Motivated by satisfying basic needs.

24
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

How people think or process information. Behavior is explained by a persons perception and memory.

25
Q

Chomsky

A

studied language

26
Q

Cybernetic

A

science of information processing

27
Q

Biological Psychology

A

aka neuroscience. Behavior is explained by brain chemistry, genetics, and hormones.

28
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Behavior can adapt to one’s environment, Natural selection. Survival of the fittest.

29
Q

Social-Cultural Psychology

A

How thinking and behavior changes depending on the setting and situation. People living in different cultural groups.

30
Q

Biopsychosocial

A

Biopsychosocial

31
Q

Psychiatrist

A

goes to med school

32
Q

psychologist

A

doesn’t go to to med school and has to have at least a masters

33
Q

clinical/counseling

A

largest subfield. They study the cause, treatments, and diagnosis of behavioral, emotional, and mental health problems. Some don’t see patients

34
Q

Basic Research

A

learn new scientific knowledge

35
Q

applied research

A

done to solve real life problems

36
Q

comparative psychology

A

the study and comparison of behaviors across different species

37
Q

developmental psychology

A

study of age related changes in behavior from prenatal through old age

37
Q

educational psychology

A

study of school related issues such as designing teaching or counseling methods

38
Q

school psychologists

A

work with students, teachers, or parents in school setting

39
Q

Experimental psychology

A

using scientific methods to conduct research in areas such as learning, memory, and sensation perception

40
Q

Industrial/Organization psychology

A

Using scientific methods to conduct research in areas such as learning, memory, and sensation perception.

41
Q

Social psychology

A

The study of social behavior and how people interact with other people.

42
Q

Human Factors

A

Applied fields. study how design of certain products can improve fields

43
Q

Psychometric

A

interpret personality or intelligence tests

44
Q

Personality

A

provide personality inventories which are then analyzed

45
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

-invention of paired association technique
-self psychology
-conscious self should be primary focus

46
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Founded and expanded 30 mental hospitals. Mental disturbances could be helped and cured.

47
Q

G. Stanley Hall

A

Genetic psychology based on evolutionary theory

48
Q

Margaret Roy Washburn

A

motor theory of consciousness

49
Q

nature

A

genetic

50
Q

nurture

A

how you’re raised

51
Q

Plato

A

ideas were inborn. nature

52
Q

Aristotle

A

learning everything through experience (nurture)

53
Q

John Locke

A

Mind is a tabula rase (blank slate) (nurture)

54
Q

Rene Descartes

A

some innate and some learned (nature and Nurture)

AP Psychology (1 decks)

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