Chapter 1: Intro to psychology

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

the science of behavior and mental processed

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

proposed explanation made with limited evidence

Question 3

theory

Answer 3

ideas intended to explain something

Question 4

experiment

Answer 4

an experiment to discover something

Question 5

Empirical method

Answer 5

collection of data using observation or experience

Question 6

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 6

1st experimental psychology lab. Focused on significance, perception, and general feeling.

Question 7

structuralism

Answer 7

basic structures that make up the mind… uses introspection

Question 8

introspection

Answer 8

the examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes

Question 9

William James

Answer 9

Used functionalism to figure out how people adapted or didn’t adapt to everyday life. Influenced by Darwin

Question 10

Functionalism

Answer 10

Conscious and helps people adapt to their environment

Question 11

Gestalt

Answer 11

smaller pieces of information to make a meaningful whole. Perception and perceptual thinking and organization.

Question 12

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 12

Behavioral. Conditioned reflex. Hungry dog to salivate with bell

Question 13

John B Watson

Answer 13

Behavioral. Conditional process. Little Albert experiment.

Question 14

Little Albert experiment

Answer 14

experiment was that classical conditioning is possible in humans, since the boy learned to associate a neutral stimulus (white rat) with a fearful stimulus (loud bang) to be scared of the white rat.

Question 15

B.F Skinner

Answer 15

Behavioral. Positive reinforcement in education. Skinner box

Question 16

Operant Chamber/ Skinner Box

Answer 16

a chamber, often small, that is used to conduct operant conditioning research with animals. Within this chamber, there is usually a lever or key that an individual animal can operate to obtain a food or water source within the chamber as a reinforcer

Question 17

Abraham Maslow

Answer 17

humanist. hierarchy of needs to explain human motivations. Ex. thirst hunger

Question 18

Carl Rogers

Answer 18

Humanist. Free will.

Question 19

Jean Piaget

Answer 19

started children’s intellectual development

Question 20

Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic Psychology

Answer 20

How behavior is affected by unconscious drives and conflicts. Unconscious and unresolved inner conflicts from childhood. Dreams.

Question 21

Sigmund Freud

Answer 21

Psychodynamic Psychology

Question 22

Behaviorism

Answer 22

How we learn through rewards, punishments, and observations

Question 23

Humanism

Answer 23

How healthy people strive to reach gull potential. Motivated by satisfying basic needs.

Question 24

Cognitive psychology

Answer 24

How people think or process information. Behavior is explained by a persons perception and memory.

Question 25

Chomsky

Answer 25

studied language

Question 26

Cybernetic

Answer 26

science of information processing

Question 27

Biological Psychology

Answer 27

aka neuroscience. Behavior is explained by brain chemistry, genetics, and hormones.

Question 28

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 28

Behavior can adapt to one's environment, Natural selection. Survival of the fittest.

Question 29

Social-Cultural Psychology

Answer 29

How thinking and behavior changes depending on the setting and situation. People living in different cultural groups.

Question 30

Biopsychosocial

Answer 30

Biopsychosocial

Question 31

Psychiatrist

Answer 31

goes to med school

Question 32

psychologist

Answer 32

doesn't go to to med school and has to have at least a masters

Question 33

clinical/counseling

Answer 33

largest subfield. They study the cause, treatments, and diagnosis of behavioral, emotional, and mental health problems. Some don't see patients

Question 34

Basic Research

Answer 34

learn new scientific knowledge

Question 35

applied research

Answer 35

done to solve real life problems

Question 36

comparative psychology

Answer 36

the study and comparison of behaviors across different species

Question 37

developmental psychology

Answer 37

study of age related changes in behavior from prenatal through old age

Question 37

educational psychology

Answer 37

study of school related issues such as designing teaching or counseling methods

Question 38

school psychologists

Answer 38

work with students, teachers, or parents in school setting

Question 39

Experimental psychology

Answer 39

using scientific methods to conduct research in areas such as learning, memory, and sensation perception

Question 40

Industrial/Organization psychology

Answer 40

Using scientific methods to conduct research in areas such as learning, memory, and sensation perception.

Question 41

Social psychology

Answer 41

The study of social behavior and how people interact with other people.

Question 42

Human Factors

Answer 42

Applied fields. study how design of certain products can improve fields

Question 43

Psychometric

Answer 43

interpret personality or intelligence tests

Question 44

Personality

Answer 44

provide personality inventories which are then analyzed

Question 45

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 45

-invention of paired association technique -self psychology -conscious self should be primary focus

Question 46

Dorothea Dix

Answer 46

Founded and expanded 30 mental hospitals. Mental disturbances could be helped and cured.

Question 47

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 47

Genetic psychology based on evolutionary theory

Question 48

Margaret Roy Washburn

Answer 48

motor theory of consciousness

Question 49

nature

Answer 49

genetic

Question 50

nurture

Answer 50

how you're raised

Question 51

Plato

Answer 51

ideas were inborn. nature

Question 52

Aristotle

Answer 52

learning everything through experience (nurture)

Question 53

John Locke

Answer 53

Mind is a tabula rase (blank slate) (nurture)

Question 54

Rene Descartes

Answer 54

some innate and some learned (nature and Nurture)