Chapter 1: Intro to Pathophysiology Flashcards
What is the meaning of etiology?
Study of causes or reasons for phenomena
Identifies causal factors that, when working together, provoke a particular disease or injury
What is an idopathic etiology?
Unknown cause
What is an iatrogenic etiology?
Cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
What is a risk factor?
A factor that when present increases the likelihood of disease
Link between etiologic factor and development of disease is less than certain
Within clinical manifestations, what are signs, symptoms, and syndrome?
Signs: Objective or observed manifestation of disease
Symptoms: Subjective feeling of abnormality in the body
Syndrome: Etiology of signs and symptoms have not yet been determined
Signs: Objective
Symptoms: Subjective
What is the latent period in disease development?
The period of time between exposure of tissue to injurous agent to the first appearance of signs/symptoms
Also occurs when s/s temporarility become mild or silent
What is a prodrome or the prodromal period?
Time during which signs/symptoms appear
Indicates onset of disease
What is the subclinical stage?
When the patient functions normally but the disease processes are well established
Ex: chronic renal disease can carry on its course without the onset of signs or symptoms.
What is the convalescence stage in the clinical course?
Stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical procedure
Prefix “con-“: together, with, jointly
“valescere”: to grow strong
What is validity in terms of normality in health and disease?
Degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of what it intends to measure
What is predictive value?
Extent to which a test can differentiate between presence or absence of a person’s condition
What is the difference between sensitivity and specificity?
Sensitivity: Probability that a test will be positive when applied to a person with a particular condition
Specificity: Probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person without a particular condition
What are the three levels of prevention?
Primary: Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure to susceptible individuals
Secondary: Early detection, screening, and management of disease
Tertiary: Medical and/or surgical treatment after the disease has been established
Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by the following except:
- Illness
- Normal variation
- Cultural variation
- Situational factors
- Gender difference
Cultural variation
