Chapter 1: Intro To Patho Physiology Flashcards
Etiology
Study of causes or reasons for phenomena
What are the classes of ecology?
Idiopathic and iatrogenic
Risk Factor
Increases the likelihood of a disease
What are clinical manifestations?
Signs, Symptoms, and Syndrome
What are signs?
Objective or observed manifestation of a disease
Examples of Signs
Fever, cough, blood pressure, wound, and heart rate
What are symptoms?
Subjective feeling of abnormality of the person
Examples of symptoms
Chest pain, fatigue, taste, and smell
What are syndromes?
Etiology of signs and symptoms has not yet been determined
Latent Period
The time between exposure to injury until the first signs and symptoms show up
Prodromal Period
The time when the first signs and symptoms show up which indicates the onset of disease
Subclinical Stage
Patient functions normally; disease processes are well established
Acute Clinical Course
Short-lived; may have severe manifestations
Chronic Clinical Course
Lasts months to years, sometimes begins with an acute course
Exacerbation
Sudden increase in severity of disease or signs or symptoms
Remission
Decrease in severity, signs, or symptoms which can indicate that the disease has been cured
Convalescence
The stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgery
Sequela
Subsequent pathologic condition that results from an illness
Example of Sequela
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Sensitivity
Probability that a test will be positive when applied to a person with a particular condition. AKA True Positive
Specificity
Probability that test will be negative when applied to a person without a particular condition. AKA True Negative
Endemic Disease
Disease is native to a local region
Epidemic Disease
Disease has spread to many people at the same time (Large scale of population)
Pandemic Disease
Disease spread to large geographic areas (many countries)
What are factors that can affect patterns of disease distribution?
Age, ethnicity, gender, lifestyle, and geographic location
What are the levels of prevention?
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
Primary Prevention
Change of susceptibility to disease or reducing exposure for susceptible persons
Secondary Prevention
Early detection, screening, and management of disease such as washing hands or vaccines
Tertiary Prevention
Rehabilitation and restoring effective functioning such as therapy or rehab programs
