Chapter 1: Intro to Microbiology Flashcards
Study of organisms and agents too small to be seen by the naked eye
Microbiology
largest bacterium
Thiomargarita magnifica
two interconnected themes of microbiology
Understanding the living world of microscopic organisms and applying our understanding of microbial life processes
Branch of microbiology that studies viruses
Virology
Branch of microbiology that studies fungi
Mycology
Branch of microbiology that studies algae
Phycology
Branch of microbiology that studies protozoa
Protozoology
Branch of microbiology that studies bacteria
Bacteriology
Infected with the eggs of the parasite Trichuris trichiura, which may have caused him to have abdominal pain and anemia
Otzi the Iceman
Bacteria that infected Otzi the Iceman
Trichuris trichiura
possible infection of Otzi that causes Lyme Disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
Fruit that Otzi used to treat his infection. This fungus has both laxative and antibiotic
Piptoporus betulinus
Attributed disease to bad air
malaria
Invented the first compound microscope
Zacharias Janssen
suggested to be the first to observe microorganisms (20 years before Hooke’s observation; 29 years before van Leeuwenhoek)
Athanasius Kirche
universally acknowledged as the father of microbiology. He discovered both protists and bacteria
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
observed cells in cork
Robert Hooke
Theory that states “Life emerges from non-living matter; “vital force” required”
Spontaneous Generation Theory
Theory that states “Life begets life”
Biogenesis Theory
Conducted wide-mouthed jars experiment
Francesco Redi
Conducted mutton broth in flask experiment to determine the growth of microorganism
John Needham
passed air through strong acids
Franz Schultze
passed air through red hot tubes
Theodor Schwann
filtered air through sterile cotton wool
Georg Friedrich Schröder & Theodor von Dusch
Experiments with Swan-neck flasks, results prove that life did not arise from non-life
Louis Pasteur
demonstrated that dust carries microorganisms, provides evidence for the existence of exceptionally heat-resistant forms of bacteria, and develop the process of tyndallization
John Tyndall
Theory that states Diseases are caused by specific agents called germs
Germ Theory of Disease
Claimed that disease was caused by invisible living creatures
Girolamo Fracastoro
showed that a disease of silkworms was caused by a fungus
Agostino Bassi
demonstrated that the Great Potato Blight of Ireland was caused by a fungus (Phytophthora infestans)
Miles Joseph Berkeley
showed that smut and rust fungi caused cereal crop diseases
Heinrich Anton de Bary
claimed that asepsis in obstetrical wards to prevent the transmission of childbed fever from patient to patient
Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis
“Father of Antiseptic Surgery”. used phenol or carbolic acid in surgical dressings and heat-sterilized surgical instruments
Joseph Lister
showed that the pébrine disease of silkworms was caused by a protozoan
Louis Pasteur
established the relationship between Bacillus anthracis and anthrax
Robert Koch
used a vaccination procedure to protect individuals from smallpox
Edward Jenner
developed porcelain bacterial filter
Charles Chamberland
considered one of the founders of virology. In 1898, published results on the filtration experiments demonstrating that tobacco mosaic disease is caused by an infectious agent smaller than a bacterium, which he called “virus”
Martinus Beijerink
developed 606th compound SALVARSAN (organic arsenical to treat syphilis)
Paul Ehrlich
discovered the “miracle drug” penicillin from Penicillium
Alexander Fleming
Demonstrated the role of yeasts in fermentation
Louis Pasteur
fermentation could occur in yeast extracts free of cells
Eduard Buchner
discovered the existence of heat resistance bacterial endospores
Ferdinand Cohn
studied soil and soil microorganisms, developed enrichment cultures and selective media
Sergei Winogradsky and Martinus Beijerinck