chapter 1 intro to human anatomy and physiology

Question 1

gross anatomy

Answer 1

study of the larger structures of the body

Question 2

systemic anatomy

Answer 2

study of structures that make up a discrete body system

Question 3

microscopic anatomy

Answer 3

study of structures that can be observed only with the use of a microscope or other magnification devices

Question 4

levels of structural organization

Answer 4

atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 5

cell

Answer 5

smallest living unit in the body

Question 6

tissue

Answer 6

group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

Question 7

organ

Answer 7

structures made up of two or more tissue types that work to perform a specialized physiological process

Question 8

organ system

Answer 8

group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological need of the body

Question 9

cardiovascular system

Answer 9

includes heart, blood vessels;

delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temperature in the body

Question 10

digestive system

Answer 10

includes stomach, gall bladder, intestines;

releases and absorbs nutrients from food

Question 11

endocrine system

Answer 11

includes pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries;

chemical communication within body through secretion of hormones

Question 12

lymphatic system

Answer 12

includes thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels;

returns fluid to blood, defends against pathogens

Question 13

integumentary system

Answer 13

includes hair, skin, nails;

encloses and protects internal body structures; site of many sensory receptors

Question 14

muscular system

Answer 14

includes muscles and tendons;

contracts to produce motion, helps maintain body temperature

Question 15

skeletal system

Answer 15

includes cartilage, bones, joints, ligaments;

supports the body and enables movement

Question 16

nervous system

Answer 16

includes brain, spinal cord, and nerves

detects and processes sensory information, activates bodily responses

Question 17

reproductive system

Answer 17

includes testes (male); uterus, ovaries (female)

produces sex hormones and gametes, production of offspring

Question 18

respiratory system

Answer 18

includes lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, nasal passage, airways

delivers oxygen to blood, removes carbon dioxide from the body

Question 19

urinary system

Answer 19

includes kidneys, urinary bladder

controls water balance in the body, removes wastes from blood and excretes them

Question 20

homeostasis

Answer 20

state of balance in which the body’s internal environment remains relatively stable despite changes in the internal and external environment

Question 21

negative feedback loop

Answer 21

homeostatic mechanisms that reverses a deviation from the set point

Question 22

What are the three basic components of a negative feedback system?

Answer 22

sensor, control center, effector

Question 23

sensor

Answer 23

aka receptor, component in a feedback system that monitors environment and detects changes

Question 24

control center

Answer 24

component in a feedback system that analyzes input coming from the receptor and determines the appropriate output to send to the effector

Question 25

effector

Answer 25

component in a feedback system that carries out a response to regulate the variable by either depressing or enhancing the stimulus

Question 26

positive feedback loop

Answer 26

homeostatic mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition to move further away from its normal limits

Question 27

Give an example of negative feedback loop.

Answer 27

body temperature regulation

Question 28

Give an example of positive feedback loop.

Answer 28

childbirth