Chapter 1: Intro To Clinical Psych

Question 1

WHAT IS CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Answer 1

According to Resnick (1991), the field of clinical psychology involves research,teaching, and services relevant to the applications of principles, methods, and procedures for understanding,predicting, and alleviating intellectual, emotional,biological, psychological, social and behavioral maladjustment, disability and discomfort, applied to a wide range of client populations.

Question 2

WHAT IS CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY?

Answer 2

According to APA, the field of Clinical Psychology integrates science, theory,and practice to understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort as well as to promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development.

Clinical Psychology focuses on the intellectual, emotional,biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning across the life span, in varying cultures,and at all socioeconomic levels.

Question 3

The American Psychological Association and the licensing boards of each North American state and province reserve the title “clinical psychologist” for a ___________

Answer 3

Very select group of professionals with specific training and qualifications.

Question 4

Clinical psychologists work with a range of individuals, from __________

Answer 4

from infants to the elderly.

Question 5

Their work can involve individuals themselves, ____________

Answer 5

families/ partners, school personnel, other health care workers, and communities.

Question 6

Clinical psychologists often work in a large range of settings, including ______________

Answer 6

universities, hospitals, private practice offices, or group medical practices.

Question 7

CLOSELY RELATED MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONS

Answer 7

1. Psychiatrist
2. Counseling Psychologists
3. Other Mental Health Professionals [Clinical Social Workers, School Psychologists, Health Psychologists, Rehabilitation Psychologists, Psychiatric Nurses, Occupational Therapist, Recreational Therapist, and Art Therapist]

Question 8

A medical physician who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses, including substance use disorders.

Is qualified to assess both the mental and physical aspects of psychological disturbance.

Has completed medical school (is an M.D. or D.O.) and an additional four or more years of residency training in psychiatry.

Can order or perform a full range of medical laboratory and Psychological tests which, combined with interviews/discussions with patients, help provide a picture of a patient’s physical and mental state.

Answer 8

Psychiatrist

Question 9

The activities of _____________ overlap with those of clinical psychologists.

Traditionally, ____________ work with normal or moderately maladjusted individuals.

Their principal method of assessment is usually the interview, but ___________ also do testing (e.g.,assessment of abilities, personality, interests, and vocational aptitude).

Answer 9

Counseling Psychologist

Question 10

In general, counseling psychologists see themselves providing the following services:

Answer 10

(a) preventive treatment
(b) consultation
(c) development of outreach programs
(d) vocational counseling
(e) short-term counseling/therapy of from one to fifteen sessions.

Question 11

____________ assist individuals, groups, or communities to restore or enhance their capacity for social functioning, while creating societal conditions favorable to their goals.

Answer 11

Clinical Social Workers

Question 12

Social workers typically focus more on the _____________

Answer 12

familial and social determinants of mental health problems.

Question 13

______________ work with students, educators,parents, and school administrators to promote the intellectual, social, and emotional growth of school-age children and adolescents.

Answer 13

School Psychologists

Question 14

They may conduct _____________ and _____________, __________________, and _______________, and consult with teachers, parents, and school officials.

Answer 14

psychological and educational assessments, develop learning programs and evaluate their effectiveness

Question 15

Are those who, through their research or practice, contribute to the promotion and maintenance of good health.

They are also involved in the prevention and treatment of illness.

They may design, execute, and study programs to help people stop smoking, manage stress, lose weight, or stay fit.

Answer 15

Health Psychologists

Question 16

Focus is on people who are physically or cognitively disabled.

They help individuals adjust to their disabilities and the physical, psychological, social, and environmental barriers that often accompany them.

Thus, they advocate for the improvement of life conditions for those with disabilities and help develop and promote legislation to promote this cause (e.g., the Americans with Disabilities Act).

Answer 16

Rehabilitation Psychologists

Question 17

Working in close collaboration with the psychiatrist or the clinical psychologist, they (along with those they supervise—attendants, nurse’s aides, volunteers, etc.) implement therapeutic recommendations.

They are not only in a position to provide information about patients’ hospital adjustment but also can play a crucial and sensitive role in fostering an appropriate therapeutic environment.

Answer 17

Psychiatric Nurses

Question 18

By virtue of their training and experience, these people can playa vital adjunctive role in enhancing the adjustment patterns of patients.

Answer 18

Occupational therapists
Recreational therapists
Art therapists.

Question 19

[PROFESSIONS AND TITLES NOT REGULATED BY THE GOVERNMENT]

Mental health workers must:

Answer 19

(1) document that they have obtained appropriate professional training

(2) pass a licensing exam indicating familiarity with current practice parameters, ethical regulations, and state laws

(3) maintain their current knowledge of the field through ongoing educational requirements (i.e., continuing professional education).

However, some titles are not regulated by the government (e.g.,“therapist,” “psychotherapist”), and virtually anyone can offer services using this title.

Question 20

ACTIVITIES OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS

Answer 20

Therapy/Intervention, Diagnosis/Assessment, Teaching, Clinical Supervision, Research, Consultation, and Administration.

Question 21

Involved mainly a search for insight into the origins of one’s problems or the purposes served by one’sundesirable behavior.

Answer 21

Therapy

Question 22

In most cases, therapy involves a ___________, but today, _________, ___________, ____________, and ___________ are also very common.

Answer 22

one-to-one relationship
couple’s therapy
family therapy
parent training
group therapy

Question 23

In other cases, therapy consisted primarily of a relationship between client and therapist ________________

Answer 23

designed to produce an atmosphere of trust that would help dissolve the client’s debilitating defenses.

Question 24

Today, therapy may involve some _____________ work, but research suggests that therapies involving specific skills maybe more useful for reducing client’s problems.

Answer 24

insight-oriented

Question 25

The goal is to better understand the individual so that a more informed decision can be made, or the most desirable course of action selected.

__________ has long been a critical part of the clinicalpsychologist’s role.

____________, especially testing, was the chief element in theclinician’s professional identity.

Answer 25

Assessment

Question 26

Those whose responsibilities are primarily in the area of graduate education teach courses in advanced psychopathology, psychological testing, interviewing,intervention, personality theory, developmental psychopathology, and so on.

Some of them may also teach undergraduate courses such as introductory psychology, personality, abnormal psychology,introduction to clinical psychology, psychological testing, and others.

Answer 26

Teaching

Question 27

___________ is another form of teaching.

It typically involves more one-to-one teaching, small group approaches, and other less formal, nonclassroom varieties of instruction.

“practicum” teaching and supervision.

Answer 27

Clinical supervision

Question 28

As a result, when clinical training programs were first established after World War II, the scientist-practitioner model was adopted.

By virtue of their training in research, their extensive experience with people in distress, and their knowledge of both therapy and assessment, clinical psychologists have the ability to consume and to produce new knowledge.

Answer 28

Research

Question 29

The goal is to increase the effectiveness of those to whom one’s efforts are directed by imparting to them some degree of expertise.

One-shot affair with someone who simply needs help with one specific case.

A clinician might be retained on a relatively permanent basis to provide the staff of an agency with help.

Answer 29

Consultation

Question 30

Clinical psychologists also can serve as consultants to:

Answer 30

1. advertising agencies or corporations interested in developing products that could improve the mental health of their customers.
2. legal system as well, either by assisting attorneys in the selection of jurors for a case or consulting with police departments in hostage negotiations.
3. physicians who deliver primary care services.

Question 31

Head of a university psychology department

• Director of a Veterans Administration clinic

• Vice president of a consulting firm

• Director of the clinical training program

• Director of the psychological clinic in a university psychologydepartment

• Chief psychologist in a state hospital

• Director of a regional crisis center

Answer 31

Administration

Question 32

TRAINING: TOWARDS CLINICAL IDENTITY

Answer 32

The typical clinical psychologist completes a bachelor’s degree and then 5 years of graduate work. The latter typically includes training in assessment, research, diagnosis, and therapeutic skills, along with aninternship.

• Master’s-level training in clinical psychology has always been somewhat controversial.
• Master’s level psychologists note that research evidence suggests thatmaster’s-level clinicians are as effective as doctoral-level clinicians.
• The American Psychological Association, however, accepts the doctoral degree alone as the key to work as an independent professional.

Question 33

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS

Coursework

Answer 33

Clinical students normally must take a series of basic courses such as statistics and research design, biological foundations of behavior, social psychology, developmental psychology, and cognitive psychology.

Question 34

Practicum Work

Answer 34

All programs seek to build the student’s clinical skills through exposure to clinical practica.

• The dictionary defines a practicum as “work done by an advanced student that involves the practical application of previously studied theory.”

Question 35

Research

Answer 35

The implementation of the scientist-practitioner model requires that the student develop research competence.

• This is accomplished through courses in statistics, computer software and technology, and research methodology and also by active participation in research projects.

Question 36

Most departments do, however, require the completion of a master’s ________. A ___________ reporting the results of an original research project is also required.

Answer 36

Thesis
Dissertation

Question 37

• It is a written examination that takes different forms at different universities. Some schools require an oral examination as well.

• In certain programs, the tests cover all areas of psychology,whereas in others, they are confined to the field of clinical psychology

Answer 37

The Qualifying Examinations

Question 38

vital part of any training program. It is the capstone of the student’s previous experiences in clinical courses and practica and provides the experience that begins to consolidate the scientist-practitioner role.

• New skills can be acquired; older ones can be sharpened.Experience in a professional setting gives the student a real taste of the demands of professional life. Students are also exposed to clinical psychologists who may have ideas and orientations different from those of their university faculty.

Answer 38

The Internship

Question 39

TRAINING MODELS
This model arose from concerns that clinical psychology, as currently practiced, is not sufficiently grounded in science.

Answer 39

Clinical Science Model

Question 40

Programs that adhere to this model focus training on ______________ to assessment, prevention, and clinical intervention.

Answer 40

evidence based approaches