chapter 1 : intro to brain and behavior

Question 1

neuroscience

Answer 1

scientific study of the nervous system

Question 2

behavioral neuroscience

Answer 2

study of biological bases of psychological processes and behavior
also called biological psychology, brain & behavior, and physiological psychology

Question 3

dualism

Answer 3

notion ( promoted by rene descartes ) that the mind has an immaterial aspect that is distinct from the material body and brain

Question 4

phrenology

Answer 4

The beliefs that bumps on skull reflect and margarments of brain regions responsible for certain behavioral faculties

Question 5

localization of function

Answer 5

Concept the different brain regions specialize in specific behaviors

Question 6

Neuroplasticity

Answer 6

ability of nervous system to change in response to experience or the environment
- Also called neural plasticity

Question 7

adult neurogenesis

Answer 7

Creation of new neurons in the brain of an adult

Question 8

Social neuroscience

Answer 8

Field of study that uses the tools of neuroscience to discover both the biological bases of social behavior and the effects of social circumstances on brain activity

Question 9

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 9

Field of study devoted to asking how natural selection has shaped behavior in humans and other animals

Question 10

epigenetics 

Answer 10

Study of factors that affect gene expression without making any changes in the nucleotide sequence of the genes themselves

Question 11

Gene expression

Answer 11

Turning on or off of specific genes

Question 12

Neuroeconomics

Answer 12

Study of brain mechanisms at work during economic decision making

Question 13

consciousness

Answer 13

The state of awareness of one’s own existence ,thoughts ,emotions and experiences

Question 14

Somatic intervention

Answer 14

Approach to finding relations between body variables and behavioral variables that involves manipulating body structure or function and looking for resultant changes in behavior

Question 15

Independent variable

Answer 15

The factor that is manipulated by an experimenter

Question 16

dependent variable

Answer 16

The factor that in experimenter measures to monitor change in response to changes in an independent variable

Question 17

Control group

Answer 17

In research, a group of individuals that are identical to those in an experimental group in every way except that they do not receive the experimental treatment or manipulation
- Experimental group is compared with the control group to assess the effect of the treatment

Question 18

within - participants experiment

Answer 18

Experiment in which an experimental group of individuals is compared to before an after an experimental manipulation
- Thus serves as it’s own control group

Question 19

between - participants experiment

Answer 19

Experiment in which experimental group of individuals incompared with a control group of individuals that have been treated identically in every way except that they haven’t received the experimental manipulation

Question 20

Behavioral intervention

Answer 20

Approach to finding relations between body variables and behavioral variables that involves intervening in the behavior of an organism and looking for resultant changes in body structure function

Question 21

Correlation

Answer 21

Tendency of two measures to vary in concert, such that a change in one measure is matched by a change in the other

Question 22

causality

Answer 22

Relation of cause-and-effect, such that we can conclude that an experimental manipulation has specifically caused and observed result

Question 23

ontogeny

Answer 23

Process by which an individual changes in the course of it’s lifetime

Question 24

neuron

Answer 24

Basic unit of the nervous system

-also called nerve cell

Question 25

reductionism

Answer 25

Scientific study of breaking a system down into increasingly smaller parts in order to understand it

Question 26

level of analysis

Answer 26

Scope of an experimental approach